aquasition and maintenance of phobias Flashcards
classical conditioning
acquisition- UCS+NS
UCS - balloon popping + NS = clown
UCR= fear, balloon popping
- one trail learning- CS= clown , CR= fear towards clown associated
frightening experience with an object/ situation associated together creating a CS where the individual now has developed a fear as they associate that objectt/ person/ situation with fear =CR
maintenance,
generalisation e.g. people with coloured hair red
limited extinction- if acid feared stimulus, fear response persist over time, experience feared stimulus without experiencing e.g. harm asosociation remains
evidence- little Albert, developed phobia CC
weakness- only one ppt
OR
capons remove phobia through principles of CC, exposure to phobic stimulus extinguish or flooding
operant conditioning
+ reinforcement and - reinforcement or punishment, shaping schedules of reinforcement acquisition
maintenance
avoidance behaviours avoiding situation/ phobic situation - negatively reinforce
social learning theory
acquire phobias through modelling through obeservation learning observing others e.g. sees parent fearful of spider screaming, imitate this behaviour
or if see parent bitten by a dog- vicarious punisment
maintenance- avoidancee e.g. parents avoid they avoid , reinforcing
cook and minka, monkey developed snake phobia by observing another monkeys fearful reaction to a snake in a video
cook and mineka- alternative of acquisition
same learning didn’t occur with non dangerous items such as flowers and rabbits
notion of preparedness
humans are biologically predisposition to develop certain phobias more easily than others due to evolution, humans are evolved fear dangerous stimuli e.g. snakes- posed treats to survival in the past
