Class + DA: External

Question 1

What are the 4 Cultural External Factors?

Answer 1

• Parental Interest
• Attitudes and Values
• Speech Codes
• Cultural Capital

Question 2

What are the ideas around Parental Interest?

Answer 2

Douglas theorized that based on attendance to parents evening, middle class parents care more about their child’s education than working class parents, resulting in more success for middle class students

Question 3

What are the criticisms of Douglas’ ideas on Parental Interest?

Answer 3

• Only measured via parents evening
  
  • Wc parents could feel uncomfortable
  • Could work late shifts
  • Other responsibilities

Question 4

What are the ideas around Attitudes and Values?

Answer 4

Sugarman highlights 4 differences between the middle class and the working class that impact educational achievement
- Present vs Future time orientation
- Collectivism vs Individual
- Fatalism vs Meritocracy
- Immediate gratification vs deferred gratification

Question 5

What are the criticisms of of Sugarman’s ideas on attitudes and values?

Answer 5

Postmodernist say that CAGE (Class, age, gender and ethnicity) are no longer barriers to educational achievement

Question 6

What are Speech Codes?

Answer 6

After observing two 5 year old boys, Bernstein theorized that the difference in language used by the classes impact their educational achievement

Restricted Code. Elaborated Code
- Working class - Middle class
- Context specific. - Universal
- Localised - Used by 3Ts
(Teachers, tests,
textbooks)

Question 7

What are the criticisms of Bernstein’s ideas of Speech Codes?

Answer 7

The New Right would use the Wolf Review to say that that NEETs _?

Question 8

What is Cultural Capital?

Answer 8

Bordieu found that Cultural Capital is the knowledge, attitudes and values that a student can exchange for high grades

Question 9

What are the criticisms of Cultural Capital?

Answer 9

Keddie describes the impacts of each theory as Cultural differences NOT Cultural deprivation