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Anatomy & Physiology > Class 9 - THE MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE BACK COPY > Flashcards

Class 9 - THE MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE BACK COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Landmark of the neck (cervical) region

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

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2
Q

Anterior region of the neck is divided into two triangles by the SCM

A

Anterior triangle

Posterior triangle

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3
Q

Muscles of the anterior of the neck assist in…

A

Deglutition and speech

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4
Q

Two groups of muscles in relation to the hyoid bone

A

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid muscles

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5
Q

Suprahyoid muscles form…

A

The floor of the mouth

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6
Q

Suprahyoid muscles action

A

Elevate the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth and the tongue when swallowing

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7
Q

Four suprahyoid muscles

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
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8
Q

Suprahyoid muscles actively…the mandible when…

A

Depress the mandible when we need to open the mouth wider

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9
Q

Digastric origin

A

Anterior belly from inner side of inferior border of mandible

Posterior belly from temporal bone

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10
Q

Digastric insertion

A

Body of hyoid via an intermediate tendon

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11
Q

Digastric action

A

Elevates hyoid bone

RMA: Depresses mandible (opening mouth)

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12
Q

Digastric innervation

A

Anterior belly: mandibular division of trigeminal (V) nerve

Posterior belly: facial (VII) nerve

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13
Q

Stylohyoid origin

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

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14
Q

Stylohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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15
Q

Stylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly

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16
Q

Stylohyoid innervation

A

Facial (VII) nerve

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17
Q

Mylohyoid origin

A

Inner surface of mandible

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18
Q

Mylohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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19
Q

Mylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible

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20
Q

Mylohyoid innervation

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal (V) nerve

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21
Q

Geniohyoid origin

A

Inner surface of mandible

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22
Q

Geniohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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23
Q

Geniohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid bone, draws hyoid bone and tongue anteriorly. Depresses mandible

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24
Q

Geniohyoid innervation

A

First cervical spinal nerve (C1)

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25
Q

Infrahyoid muscles look like

A

Ribbons or straps inferior to the hyoid bone

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26
Q

Infrahyoid muscles action

A

Depress the hyoid bone and move the larynx when swallowing and talking

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27
Q

Four infrahyoid muscles

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Thyrohyoid
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28
Q

Omohyoid origin

A

Superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament

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29
Q

Omohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid

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30
Q

Omohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid bone

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31
Q

Omohyoid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

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32
Q

Sternohyoid origin

A

Medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

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33
Q

Sternohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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34
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid bone

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35
Q

Sternohyoid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

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36
Q

Sternothyroid origin

A

Manubrium of sternum

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37
Q

Sternothyroid insertion

A

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

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38
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

Depresses thyroid cartilage of larynx

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39
Q

Sternothyroid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

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40
Q

Thyrohyoid origin

A

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

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41
Q

Thyrohyoid insertion

A

Greater horn of hyoid bone

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42
Q

Thyrohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid bone

RMA: elevates thyroid cartilage

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43
Q

Thyrohyoid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C2 and descending hypoglossal (XII) nerve

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44
Q

The head is attached to the vertebral column at the…

A

Atlanta-occipital joint

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45
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

Deep muscles in the back of the head attached between the occipital bone and C1-C2

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46
Q

Bilateral contraction of the neck muscles allows for…

A

Balance

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47
Q

Unilateral contraction of the neck muscles allow for…

A

Rotation
Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion

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48
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) origin

A

Sternal head: manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

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49
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) insertion

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral hand of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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50
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) bilateral action

A

Flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head at AOJ

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51
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) unilateral action

A

Lateral flexion of neck and head to same side

Rotate head opposite to contracting muscle

Lateral flexion to opposite side of contracting muscle

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52
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) posterior fibre action

A

Assist in extension of head

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53
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) RMA

A

Elevates sternum during forced inhalation

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54
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) innervation

A

Accessor (XI) nerve, C2 and C3

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55
Q

Semispinalis capitis origin

A

Articular process of C4-C6 and transverse processes of C7-T7

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56
Q

Semispinalis capitis insertion

A

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

57
Q

Semispinalis capitis action

A

Together: extend head and vertebral column

Singly: rotate head to opposite side of contracting muscle

58
Q

Semispinalis capitis innervation

A

Cervical spinal nerves

59
Q

Splenius capitis origin

A

Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4

60
Q

Splenius capitis insertion

A

Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

61
Q

Splenius capitis action

A

Extend head

Acting together: muscle of each region (cervical and thoracic) extend vertebral column of their respective regions

62
Q

Splenius capitis innervation

A

Cervical spinal nerves

63
Q

Longissimus capitis origin

A

Articular processes of T1-T4

64
Q

Longissimus capitis insertion

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

65
Q

Longissimus capitis action

A

Acting together: extend head and vertebral column

Acting singly: laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle

66
Q

Longissimus capitis innervation

A

Cervical spinal nerves

67
Q

Spinalis capitis origin

A

Arises with semispinalis capitis (often absent or very small)

68
Q

Spinalis capitis insertion

A

Occipital bone

69
Q

Spinalis capitis action

A

Extends head and vertebral column

70
Q

Spinalis capitis innervation

A

Cervical spinal nerves

71
Q

Superior attachments of the posterior neck and back

A

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

72
Q

Splenius cervicis origin

A

Spinous processes of T3-T6

73
Q

Splenius cervicis insertion

A

Transverse processes of C1-C2 or C1-C4

74
Q

Splenius cervicis action

A

Acting together: extend head

Acting singly: laterally flex and/or rotate head to same side as contracting muscle

75
Q

Splenius cervicis innervation

A

Inferior cervical spinal nerves

76
Q

Erector spinae muscle group is most…

A

Medial and superficially located group of muscles in the back

77
Q

Erector spinae muscle group consist of…

A

Iliocostalis muscles (lateral)

Longissimus muscles (intermediate)

Spinalis muscles (medial)

78
Q

Erector spinae muscle group actions

A

Principal extensor of the spine, maintain erect posture.

Acting unilaterally they laterally flex the spine

79
Q

Iliocostalis group consist of…

A

Iliocostalis cervicis

Iliocostalis thoracis

Iliocostalis lumborum

80
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis origin

81
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis insertion

A

Transverse processes of C4-C6

82
Q

Iliocostalis action

A

Acting together: extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column and their respective region

Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contracting muscle

83
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis innervation

A

Cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

84
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis origin

85
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis insertion

86
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis action

A

Acting together: extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column and their respective region

Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contracting muscle

87
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis innervation

A

Thoracic spinal nerves

88
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum origin

A

Iliac crest

89
Q

iliocostalis lumborum insertion

90
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum action

A

Acting together: extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column and their respective region

Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contracting muscle

91
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum innervation

A

Lumbar spinal nerves

92
Q

Longissimus group (intermediate) consists of…

A

Longissimus capitis

Longissimus cervicis

Longissimus thoracis

93
Q

Longissimus capitis origin

A

Articular processes of C4-C7 and transverse processes of T1-T4

94
Q

Longissimus capitis insertion

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

95
Q

Longissimus capitis action

A

Acting together: both longissimus capitis muscles extend head and vertebral column

Acting singly: rotate head to same side as contracting muscle

96
Q

Longissimus capitis innervation

A

Middle and inferior cervical spinal nerves

97
Q

Longissimus cervicis origin

A

Transverse processes of T4-T5

98
Q

Longissimus cervicis insertion

A

Transverse processes of C2-C6

99
Q

Longissimus cervicis action

A

Acting together: longissimus cervicis and longissimus thoracis muscles extend the head and vertebral column

Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions

100
Q

Longissimus thoracis origin

A

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

101
Q

Longissimus thoracis insertion

A

Transverse processes of all thoracic and superior lumbar vertebrae and ribs of 9 and 10

102
Q

Longissimus thoracis action

A

Acting together: longissimus cervicis and longissimus thoracis muscles extend the head and vertebral column

Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions

103
Q

Longissimus thoracis innervation

A

Thoracic and lumbar soprano nerves

104
Q

Spinalis group (medial) consists of…

A

Spinalis capitis

Spinalis cervicis

Spinalis thoracis

105
Q

Spinalis group muscles run…

A

Closest to the spinous processes

106
Q

Spinalis cervices origin

A

Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7

107
Q

Spinalis cervicis insertion

A

Spinous process of axis

108
Q

Spinalis cervicis action

A

Acting together: extend vertebral column of respective region and extend head

109
Q

Spinalis cervicis innervation

A

Inferior cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

110
Q

Spinalis thoracis origin

A

Spinous processes of T10-L2

111
Q

Spinalis thoracis insertion

A

Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae

112
Q

Spinous thoracis action

A

Acting together: extend vertebral column of respective region and extend head

113
Q

Spinalis thoracis innervation

A

Thoracic spinal nerves

114
Q

Transversus spinalis group run from…

A

Transverse processes to spinal processes above

115
Q

Transversus spinalis group muscle fibres are..

A

Oblique in direction

116
Q

Transversus spinalis group are…than the…

A

Deeper than the erector spinae group

117
Q

Transversus spinalis group are…and…of the spine

A

Extensors and rotators

118
Q

Transversus spinalis group contains…

A
  1. Semispinalis capitis
  2. Semispinalis cervicis
  3. Semispinalis thoracis
  4. Multifidus
  5. Rotatores
119
Q

Rotatores muscles are arranged…

A

Along the whole extension of the vertebral column

120
Q

Rotatores muscles extend from the…to the…

A

The transverse process of one vertebra to the laminate of superior vertebrae two to three segments above

121
Q

Semispinalis thoracis origin

A

Transverse processes of T6-T10

122
Q

Semispinalis thoracis insertion

A

Spinous processes of C6-T4

123
Q

Semispinalis actions

A

Acting together: extend vertebral column

Acting singly: rotate head to side opposite of contracting muscle

124
Q

Semispinalis thoracis innervation

A

Thoracic spinal nerves

125
Q

Multifidus origin

A

Sacrum
Ilium
Transverse processes of L1-L5, T1-T12, and C4-C7

126
Q

Multifidus insertion

A

Spinous process of a more superior vertebra

127
Q

Multifidus action

A

Acting together: extend vertebral column

Acting singly: weakly flex and rotate vertebral column to side opposite to contracting muscle

128
Q

Multifidus innervation

A

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

129
Q

Rotatores origin

A

Transverse processes of all vertebrae

130
Q

Rotatores insertion

A

Spinous process of vertebra superior to the one or origin

131
Q

Rotatores actions

A

Acting together: weakly extend vertebral column

Acting singly: weakly rotate vertebral column to side opposite to contracting muscle

132
Q

Rotatores innervation

A

Cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

133
Q

Segmental muscles (deepest)

A

Main postural muscles

Stabilizing the vertebral column by “locking” the vertebrae to each other

134
Q

Segmental muscles unite the…and…of…

A

Spinous and transverse processes of consecutive adjacent vertebrae

135
Q

Segmental muscles include

A

Intertransversarii

Interspinalea

136
Q

Scalene muscles origin

A

Extended from the transverse processes of C2-C7

137
Q

Scalene muscles insertion

A

The anterior and middle insert in the first rib

The posterior in the second rib

138
Q

Scalene muscle actions

A

Acting bilaterally: flex the head and elevate ribs during forced inspiration

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the head

139
Q

Scalene muscles include:

A
  1. Anterior scalene
  2. Middle scalene
  3. Posterior scalene

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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