Class 16 - MUSCLES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES

Question 1

Muscles of the pelvic girdle (that move the femur)

Answer 1

1. Gluteal muscles (posterior)
2. Tensor Fascia Latae (posterior)
3. Iliopsoas (anterior)
4. Six deep lateral rotators and abductors (lateral)

Question 2

Gluteal muscles and their actions

Answer 2

Gluteus Maximus, medius and minimus. Extension and lateral flexion (Maximus) abduction and medial rotation (medius and minimus)

Question 3

Tensor Fascae Latae actions

Answer 3

Flexion and abduction of thigh

Question 4

Iliopsoas actions

Answer 4

Flexion and lateral rotation

Question 5

Majority of muscles that move the femur originate and insert where?

Answer 5

Originate in pelvic girdle and insert into femur

Question 6

Muscles of the Thigh (that move femur, fibula and tibia)

Answer 6

1. Quadriceps (anterior)
2. Sartorius (anterior)
3. Hamstrings (posterior)
4. Medial (adductor) compartment

Question 7

Quadriceps insertion and action

Answer 7

Common tendon inserts into patella (tendon becomes patellar tendon) only muscle that extends the leg (rectus femoris also flexes thigh)

Question 8

Sartorius (longest muscle in body) action

Answer 8

Cross legged sitting (flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh, flexion of leg)

Question 9

Hamstrings action

Answer 9

Extension of thigh and flexion of leg

Question 10

Medial (adductor) compartment of thigh (muscle names)

Answer 10

1. Pectineus
2. Adductor longus, brevis and Magnus
3. Gracilis

Question 11

Medial (adductor) compartment of thigh, origin, insertion and action

Answer 11

1. Origin: pubis
2. Insertion: linea aspera
3. Action: adduction and flexion of thigh (gracilis: medial rotation of thigh)

Question 12

Pes Anserinus (looks like goose foot) made of:

Answer 12

Conojoined tendons of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus (bursa under pes Anserinus may become injured with overuse)

Question 13

Muscles of the Leg (that move foot and toes)

Answer 13

1. Anterior compartment
2. Lateral (fibular) compartment
3. Deep muscles

Question 14

Anterior compartment of leg muscles include (and action)

Answer 14

1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor hallucis longus
3. Extensor digitorum longus
4. Fibularis tertius
5. Action: dorsiflexion of foot and extension of toes

Question 15

Lateral (fibular) compartment of leg includes: (and action)

Answer 15

1. Fibularis longus
2. Fibularis brevis
3. Action: plantar flexion and eversion of foot

Question 16

Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

Answer 16

Hold distal tendons of anterior and lateral compartment muscles at ankle

Question 17

Posterior compartment of leg muscle include: (and action)

Answer 17

1. Gastrocnemius
2. Soleus
3. Plantaris
4. Action: flexion of leg

Question 18

Deep muscles of leg include: (and actions)

Answer 18

1. Popliteus (flexion and medial rotation of leg)
2. Tibialis posterior (plantar flexion and inversion of foot)
3. Flexor hallucis longus (plantar flexion and flexion of hallux)
4. Flexor digitorum longus (planter flexion and flexion of toes)
   (PLANTAR FLEXION)

Question 19

Intrinsic muscles of foot include:

Answer 19

1. Dorsal group (extensor hallucis and digitorum brevis)

2. Plantar group (4 layers, planter aponeurosis supports longitudinal arch and encloses flexor tendons)