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Anatomy & Physiology > Class 10 - THE MUSCLES OF THE THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS > Flashcards

Class 10 - THE MUSCLES OF THE THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic cavity increase in size during…

A

Inhalation

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2
Q

The thoracic cavity decreases in size during…

A

Exhalation

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3
Q

Muscles that act primarily during relaxed quiet breathing

A

Diaphragm
External intercostal
Internal intercostal

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4
Q

Diaphragm consists of two portions:

A
  1. Peripheral muscular portion

2. Central tendon

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5
Q

Three openings of diaphragm

A
  1. Aortic hiatus
  2. Esophageal hiatus
  3. Caval opening
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6
Q

Aortic hiatus consists of…

A

Aorta

Thoracic duct

Azygos veins

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7
Q

Esophageal hiatus consists of…

A

Esophagus

Vagus nerves

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8
Q

Caval opening consists of…

A

Foramen for the inferior vena cava

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9
Q

Diaphragm origin

A

Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
Lumbar vertebrae and discs

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10
Q

Diaphragm insert

A

Central tendon

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11
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

Phrenic nerve (which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves C3-C5)

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12
Q

Diaphragm actions

A

Exerts 75% of effort for the relaxed-quiet breathing

Helps return blood to the heart

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13
Q

The diaphragm with 5he anterolateral abdominal muscles help increase the intraabdominal pressure for…

A

Helps support the spine with weight lifting

Evacuation of contents of the organs (defection, urination, childbirth)

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14
Q

Pairs of intercostal muscles

A

11

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15
Q

Intercostal muscles occupy…

A

The intercostal space

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16
Q

Three layers of intercostal muscles

A
  1. External intercostals
  2. Internal intercostals
  3. Innermost intercostals
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17
Q

External intercostals occupy…

A

The superficial layer

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18
Q

External intercostals run…

A

Obliquely, inferiorly, anteriorly and medially (same direction of the external oblique muscles)

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19
Q

External intercostals origin

A

Inferior border of the rib above

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20
Q

External intercostals insertion

A

Superior border of the rib below

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21
Q

External intercostals action

A

Elevate the ribs (relaxation allows ribs to descend with gravity)

Exert 25% of the muscle effort in the relaxed-quiet breathing

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22
Q

Internal intercostals occupy…

A

The intermediate layer

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23
Q

Internal intercostals run…

A

Superiorly, anteriorly and medially (same direction as the internal oblique muscle)

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24
Q

Internal intercostals origin

A

Superior border of the rib below

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25
Q

Internal intercostals insertion

A

Inferior border of the rib above

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26
Q

Internal intercostals action

A

Forced exhalation

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27
Q

External intercostals innervation

A

Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12

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28
Q

Internal intercostals innervation

A

Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12

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29
Q

Anterolateral abdominal walls

A

Space between rib cage and the pelvis closed by the skin, fascia and four pairs of muscles

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30
Q

Four pairs of muscles of the anterolateral abdominal walls

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
  2. External oblique
  3. Internal oblique m
  4. Transverse abdominis
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31
Q

Recutus abdominis origin

A

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

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32
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

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33
Q

Three tendinous intersections that interrupt the rectus abdominis

A

One near the leaves of the navel
One near the xiphoid process
One in between those two intersections

(Sometimes a fourth below the level of the umbilicus)

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34
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Aponeurosis that encloses the rectus abdominis formed by the other three abdominal muscles

35
Q

Linea alba

A

Where right and left rectus sheaths meet at the anterior midline from the xiphoid process to the public symphysis

(includes umbilicus)

36
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Act bilaterally to flex the spine, antagonizing the erector spinae

37
Q

Rectus abdominis RMA

A

Flexes the pelvis on the spine

38
Q

External oblique muscle is…

A

Superficial

39
Q

External oblique fascicles are extended…

A

Inferiorly, anteriorly and medially

40
Q

External oblique origin

A

Ribs 5-12

41
Q

External oblique insertion

A

Iliac crest and linea alba

42
Q

Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle forms…

A

Anterior layer of the rectus sheath

Inguinal ligament “jumping” between ASIS and pubic tubercle

43
Q

Aponeurosis of the right and left external oblique muscle fuse at…

A

The linea alba

44
Q

External oblique actions

A

Acting together: flex the spine

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the spine

45
Q

Internal oblique muscles is…

A

Intermediate

46
Q

Internal oblique fascicles extend…

A

Superiorly, anteriorly and medially

At right angle to the external oblique

47
Q

Internal oblique origin

A

Iliac crest
Inguinal ligament
Thoracolmbar fascia

48
Q

Internal oblique insertion

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10

Linea alba

49
Q

Aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle splits…

A

Into anterior and posterior layers where is reaches the side of the rectus abdominis, contributing to the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath

50
Q

Aponeurosis of the right and left internal oblique muscle fuses at…

A

The linea alba

51
Q

Internal oblique action

A

Acting bilaterally: flex the spine

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the spine

52
Q

Transversus abdominis muscle is…

A

Deep

53
Q

Transversus abdominis fascicles are divided…

A

Transversely around the abdominal walls

54
Q

Transversus abdominis origin

A
  1. Iliac crest
  2. Inguinal ligament
  3. Lumbar fascia
  4. Costal cartilages of ribs 5-10
55
Q

Aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis forms…

A

Part of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath

56
Q

Aponeurosis of the right and left transversus abdominis fuse at…

A

The linea alba posterior to the rectus abdominis muscles

57
Q

The aponeurosis of the transversus runs… to the rectus abdominis muscles and forms…

A

Anterior to form part of the anterior layer of the rectus sheath

58
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall

59
Q

Location of inguinal canal

A

Superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

60
Q

Inguinal canal measures…

A

4-5cm in length

61
Q

Inguinal canal origin

A

Deep inguinal ring

62
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

Opening in the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis

63
Q

Inguinal canal ends…

A

Superficial inguinal ring

64
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

Opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

65
Q

Inguinal canal in men contains…

A

The spermatic cord

66
Q

Inguinal canal in women contains…

A

The round ligaments of the uterus

67
Q

Posterior abdominal wall is formed by…

A

Muscles, lumbar vertebrae and the hip bone

68
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum

69
Q

Quadratus lumborum (QL) origin

A

Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

70
Q

Quadratus lumborum (QL) insertion

A

12th rib and transverse process of L1-L4

71
Q

Quadratus lumborum actions

A

Bilaterally: pull 12th rib down during forced exhalation, fix the 12th rib to prevent excessive elevation during forced inhalation md extend spine

Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine

72
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

Muscles of the pelvic floor

73
Q

Pelvic diaphragm stretches from…to…

A

The pubis to the coccyx

74
Q

Two muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

A
  1. Levator ani

2. Ischiococcygeus

75
Q

Three parts of levator ani

A
  1. Puborectalis
  2. Iliococcygeus
  3. Pubococygeus
76
Q

Ishiococcygeus form the…portion of the pelvic diaphragm

A

Posterior

77
Q

Levator ani functions

A

Supports the pelvic viscera

Acts in conjuction with the intraabdominal pressure

Functions as the internal sphincter of the anus

78
Q

Pelvic diaphragm piercings

A

Anal canal
Urethra

Vagina in females

79
Q

Females pelvic diaphragm is…

A

Weaker

80
Q

Perinium

A

Diamond-shaped area closing the pelvic cavity inferiorly

81
Q

Line between the Ischial tuberosity divides perinium into two triangles

A
  1. Urogenital triangle (anterior)

2. Anal triangle (posterior)

82
Q

Two layers of perinium

A

Superficial

Deep

83
Q

Urogenital triangle muscle functions

A

Sphincter for the urethra

Play a role in the process of erection and ejaculation

Contribute in intercourse

84
Q

Anal triangle muscle action

A

Include the external anal sphincter for the voluntary control of defecation

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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