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Anatomy & Physiology > Class 15 - THE SKELETON OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES > Flashcards

Class 15 - THE SKELETON OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic girdle consist of:

A

Two coxal (hip) bones

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2
Q

Coxal bones unite anteriorly at…and posteriorly at…

A

Anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroiliac (SI) joints

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3
Q

Bony pelvis

A

Complete ring composed by coxal bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum and coccyx

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4
Q

Bony pelvis provides…

A

Strong support for the VC and pelvic organs

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5
Q

Coxal bones in newborn consist of

A

Ilium, pubis, ischium - united by hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

Coxal bones fuse by age…at…

A

23 at a deep fossa called the acetabulum

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7
Q

Acetabulum is part of

A

Ilium

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8
Q

Ischium fused with…to form…

A

Pubis to form the obturator foramen

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9
Q

Pubis is united by

A

Pubic symphysis

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10
Q

False (greater) pelvis is…

A

Superior

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11
Q

True (lesser) pelvis is…

A

Inferior

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12
Q

Pelvic brim formed by:

A
  1. Sacral promontory
  2. Arcuate line
  3. Pectineal line
  4. Pubic crest
  5. Pubic symphysis
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13
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

Superior opening of true pelvis

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14
Q

Pelvic outlet

A

Inferior opening of the true pelvis

Covered by muscles of pelvic floor

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15
Q

Pelvic axis

A

Center points of pelvic inlet and outlet. Path for baby to exit

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16
Q

Sacroiliac (SI) Joint formed by

A

Auricular surface of sacrum

Auricular surface of ilium

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17
Q

True or false: SI joint has great ROM

A

False, well re-enforced by ligaments restricting ROM

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18
Q

SI joint movements

A

Only inferior half is a gliding synovial joint. Other half is a fibrous immovable joint

19
Q

Bones of the lower limbs

A

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

20
Q

Longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body

A

Femur

21
Q

Femur articulates with

A

Proximal end: acetabulum

Distal end: tibia and patella

22
Q

Patella

A

Sesamoid bone, proximal end (base) develops in tendon of quads, distal end (apex) is pointed

23
Q

Patellar ligament attaches

A

Patella to tibial tuberosity

24
Q

Coxal (hip) Joint is…

A

Ball and socket joint between acetabulum and head of femur

25
Q

Coxal joint re-enforced by four extra-capsular ligaments called:

A
  1. Zona orbicularis
  2. Iliofemoral
  3. Pubofemoral
  4. Ischiofemoral
26
Q

Coxal joints contains two intracapsular ligaments called:

A
  1. Ligamentum teres of the femur

2. Transverse ligament of the acetabulum

27
Q

Weight bearing bone in leg

A

Tibia

28
Q

Fibula attaches

A

To the tibia at the two ends (is lateral to tibia)

29
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint is…

A

A planar synovial joint composed by tibial facet and fibular facet.

Not common site of isolated injury

Not weight bearing

30
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint is…

A

Syndesmosis, well re-I forced by ligaments, fixes fibula distally to tibia. Lateral malleolus is part of the ankle joint

31
Q

Knee joint is the most…

A

Large and complex joint of the body

32
Q

Knee joint is formed by

A

Femur, patella, and tibia

33
Q

Knee joint is a …

A

Modified hinge joint: flexion and extension and slight medial and lateral rotation when in semi flexion

34
Q

Baker’s Cyst

A

Excess synovial fluid built up towards politeal region

35
Q

Seven tarsal bones

A
  1. Talus
  2. Calcaneus
  3. Navicular
  4. Three cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral)
  5. Cuboid
36
Q

Only tarsal bone to articulate with tibia and fibula

A

Talus

37
Q

Largest tarsal bone (supports the talus)

A

Calcaneus

38
Q

Arches of the foot usually developed by age…

A

12-13

39
Q

Two arches of the foot

A

Longitudinal (medial and lateral) and transverse

40
Q

Ankle joint is formed by:

A

Talus, tibia, medial malleolus and lateral malleolus

41
Q

Movements of ankle joints

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

42
Q

Medial ligament of ankle

A

Deltoid ligament

43
Q

Lateral ligament of ankle joint

A

Calcaneofibular, anterior and poseterior talofibular

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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