Class 15 - THE SKELETON OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES Flashcards
Pelvic girdle consist of:
Two coxal (hip) bones
Coxal bones unite anteriorly at…and posteriorly at…
Anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroiliac (SI) joints
Bony pelvis
Complete ring composed by coxal bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum and coccyx
Bony pelvis provides…
Strong support for the VC and pelvic organs
Coxal bones in newborn consist of
Ilium, pubis, ischium - united by hyaline cartilage
Coxal bones fuse by age…at…
23 at a deep fossa called the acetabulum
Acetabulum is part of
Ilium
Ischium fused with…to form…
Pubis to form the obturator foramen
Pubis is united by
Pubic symphysis
False (greater) pelvis is…
Superior
True (lesser) pelvis is…
Inferior
Pelvic brim formed by:
- Sacral promontory
- Arcuate line
- Pectineal line
- Pubic crest
- Pubic symphysis
Pelvic inlet
Superior opening of true pelvis
Pelvic outlet
Inferior opening of the true pelvis
Covered by muscles of pelvic floor
Pelvic axis
Center points of pelvic inlet and outlet. Path for baby to exit
Sacroiliac (SI) Joint formed by
Auricular surface of sacrum
Auricular surface of ilium
True or false: SI joint has great ROM
False, well re-enforced by ligaments restricting ROM
SI joint movements
Only inferior half is a gliding synovial joint. Other half is a fibrous immovable joint
Bones of the lower limbs
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
Longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body
Femur
Femur articulates with
Proximal end: acetabulum
Distal end: tibia and patella
Patella
Sesamoid bone, proximal end (base) develops in tendon of quads, distal end (apex) is pointed
Patellar ligament attaches
Patella to tibial tuberosity
Coxal (hip) Joint is…
Ball and socket joint between acetabulum and head of femur
Coxal joint re-enforced by four extra-capsular ligaments called:
- Zona orbicularis
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
Coxal joints contains two intracapsular ligaments called:
- Ligamentum teres of the femur
2. Transverse ligament of the acetabulum
Weight bearing bone in leg
Tibia
Fibula attaches
To the tibia at the two ends (is lateral to tibia)
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint is…
A planar synovial joint composed by tibial facet and fibular facet.
Not common site of isolated injury
Not weight bearing
Distal tibiofibular joint is…
Syndesmosis, well re-I forced by ligaments, fixes fibula distally to tibia. Lateral malleolus is part of the ankle joint
Knee joint is the most…
Large and complex joint of the body
Knee joint is formed by
Femur, patella, and tibia
Knee joint is a …
Modified hinge joint: flexion and extension and slight medial and lateral rotation when in semi flexion
Baker’s Cyst
Excess synovial fluid built up towards politeal region
Seven tarsal bones
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Three cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral)
- Cuboid
Only tarsal bone to articulate with tibia and fibula
Talus
Largest tarsal bone (supports the talus)
Calcaneus
Arches of the foot usually developed by age…
12-13
Two arches of the foot
Longitudinal (medial and lateral) and transverse
Ankle joint is formed by:
Talus, tibia, medial malleolus and lateral malleolus
Movements of ankle joints
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Medial ligament of ankle
Deltoid ligament
Lateral ligament of ankle joint
Calcaneofibular, anterior and poseterior talofibular
