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Anatomy & Physiology > Class 9 - THE MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE BACK > Flashcards

Class 9 - THE MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE BACK Flashcards

1
Q

Landmark of the neck (cervical) region

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

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2
Q

Anterior region of the neck is divided into two triangles by the SCM

A

Anterior triangle

Posterior triangle

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3
Q

Muscles of the anterior of the neck assist in…

A

Deglutition and speech

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4
Q

Two groups of muscles in relation to the hyoid bone

A

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid muscles

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5
Q

Suprahyoid muscles form…

A

The floor of the mouth

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6
Q

Suprahyoid muscles action

A

Elevate the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth and the tongue when swallowing

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7
Q

Four suprahyoid muscles

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
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8
Q

Suprahyoid muscles actively…the mandible when…

A

Depress the mandible when we need to open the mouth wider

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9
Q

Digastric origin

A

Anterior belly from inner side of inferior border of mandible

Posterior belly from temporal bone

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10
Q

Digastric insertion

A

Body of hyoid via an intermediate tendon

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11
Q

Digastric action

A

Elevates hyoid bone

RMA: Depresses mandible (opening mouth)

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12
Q

Digastric innervation

A

Anterior belly: mandibular division of trigeminal (V) nerve

Posterior belly: facial (VII) nerve

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13
Q

Stylohyoid origin

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

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14
Q

Stylohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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15
Q

Stylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly

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16
Q

Stylohyoid innervation

A

Facial (VII) nerve

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17
Q

Mylohyoid origin

A

Inner surface of mandible

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18
Q

Mylohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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19
Q

Mylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible

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20
Q

Mylohyoid innervation

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal (V) nerve

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21
Q

Geniohyoid origin

A

Inner surface of mandible

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22
Q

Geniohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

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23
Q

Geniohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid bone, draws hyoid bone and tongue anteriorly. Depresses mandible

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24
Q

Geniohyoid innervation

A

First cervical spinal nerve (C1)

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25
Q

Infrahyoid muscles look like

A

Ribbons or straps inferior to the hyoid bone

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26
Q

Infrahyoid muscles action

A

Depress the hyoid bone and move the larynx when swallowing and talking

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27
Q

Four infrahyoid muscles

A
  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Thyrohyoid
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28
Q

Omohyoid origin

A

Superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament

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29
Q

Omohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid

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30
Q

Omohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid bone

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31
Q

Omohyoid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

32
Q

Sternohyoid origin

A

Medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

33
Q

Sternohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone

34
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid bone

35
Q

Sternohyoid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

36
Q

Sternothyroid origin

A

Manubrium of sternum

37
Q

Sternothyroid insertion

A

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

38
Q

Sternothyroid action

A

Depresses thyroid cartilage of larynx

39
Q

Sternothyroid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

40
Q

Thyrohyoid origin

A

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

41
Q

Thyrohyoid insertion

A

Greater horn of hyoid bone

42
Q

Thyrohyoid action

A

Depresses hyoid bone

RMA: elevates thyroid cartilage

43
Q

Thyrohyoid innervation

A

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C2 and descending hypoglossal (XII) nerve

44
Q

The head is attached to the vertebral column at the…

A

Atlanta-occipital joint

45
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

Deep muscles in the back of the head attached between the occipital bone and C1-C2

46
Q

Bilateral contraction of the neck muscles allows for…

A

Balance

47
Q

Unilateral contraction of the neck muscles allow for…

A
  1. Rotation
  2. Flexion
  3. Extension
  4. Lateral flexion
48
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) origin

A

Sternal head: manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

49
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) insertion

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral end of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

50
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) bilateral action

A

Flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head at AOJ

51
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) unilateral action

A

Lateral flexion of neck and head to same side

Rotate head opposite to contracting muscle

Lateral flexion to opposite side of contracting muscle

52
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) posterior fibre action

A

Assist in extension of head

53
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) RMA

A

Elevates sternum during forced inhalation

54
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) innervation

A

Accessor (XI) nerve, C2 and C3

55
Q

Superior attachments of the posterior neck and back

A
  1. Splenius capitis

2. Splenius cervicis

56
Q

Erector spinae muscle group is most…

A

Medial and superficially located group of muscles in the back

57
Q

Erector spinae muscle group consist of…

A

Iliocostalis muscles (lateral)

Longissimus muscles (intermediate)

Spinalis muscles (medial)

58
Q

Erector spinae muscle group actions

A

Principal extensor of the spine, maintain erect posture.

Acting unilaterally they laterally flex the spine

59
Q

Iliocostalis group consist of…

A

Iliocostalis cervicis

Iliocostalis thoracis

Iliocostalis lumborum

60
Q

Iliocostalis action

A

Acting together: extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column and their respective region

Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contracting muscle

61
Q

Longissimus group (intermediate) consists of…

A

Longissimus capitis

Longissimus cervicis

Longissimus thoracis

62
Q

Spinalis group (medial) consists of…

A
  1. Spinalis capitis
  2. Spinalis cervicis
  3. Spinalis thoracis
63
Q

Spinalis group muscles run…

A

Closest to the spinous processes

64
Q

Transversus spinalis group run from…

A

Transverse processes to spinal processes above

65
Q

Transversus spinalis group muscle fibres are..

A

Oblique in direction

66
Q

Transversus spinalis group are…than the…

A

Deeper than the erector spinae group

67
Q

Transversus spinalis group are…and…of the spine

A

Extensors and rotators

68
Q

Transversus spinalis group contains…

A
  1. Semispinalis capitis
  2. Semispinalis cervicis
  3. Semispinalis thoracis
  4. Multifidus
  5. Rotatores
69
Q

Rotatores muscles are arranged…

A

Along the whole extension of the vertebral column

70
Q

Rotatores muscles extend from the…to the…

A

The transverse process of one vertebra to the laminae of superior vertebrae two to three segments above

71
Q

Segmental muscles (deepest)

A

Main postural muscles

Stabilizing the vertebral column by “locking” the vertebrae to each other

72
Q

Segmental muscles unite the…and…of…

A

Spinous and transverse processes of consecutive adjacent vertebrae

73
Q

Segmental muscles include

A
  1. Intertransversarii

2. Interspinalea

74
Q

Scalene muscle actions

A

Acting bilaterally: flex the head and elevate ribs during forced inspiration

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the head

75
Q

Scalene muscles include:

A
  1. Anterior scalene
  2. Middle scalene
  3. Posterior scalene

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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