Class 9 Communicable Disease Flashcards
What are some of the factors put people at greater risk for infection?
Crowded environment
When on certaintype of medication
Homelessness, addiction, stress
AGE
lasting > 12 weeks, may be incurable
Chronic
Define
Primary, secondary
Health care acquired
Community acquired
Antibiotic resistant
Three elements needed to acquire an infectious disease
- Infective agent
- Susceptible host
- Supportive environment
way to classify communicable disease by examining the relationship between host, the agent, and the environment
Epidemiological Triangle
Part of assessment?
History of present illness
Symptoms
Examination – physical, observations, self-report
Diagnostic tests
Lab: CBC
C&S
Radiological for TB
What are lvls of prevention
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Lvl of prevention
Action: health promotion
ex. Safe water supply
Promordial
Examples of primary lvl of prevention>
IMMUNIZATION
HANDWASHING, STANDARD PRECAUTIONS, PPE
NOTIFYING CONTACTS
PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
INFECTION CONTROL
PUBLIC EDUCATION
(lvl of orevention) where we detect disease so we can diagnose and treat
Secondary
Give examples of secondary level of prevention
SCREENING AND TESTING
CASE FINDING
ISOLATION (infected) and QUARANTINE (well but [possibly] exposed) – length varies by incubation period
PROPHYLAXIS – passive (immunoglobulin) and active (vaccines)
Lvl of prevention where we reduce severity of illness and complications
ex. Directly observed theorapy e.g. TB
Tertiary
Action taken to prevent disease, especially by specified means or against a specified disease
Prophylaxis
Given when:
You have been exposed to an antigen
Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Prophylaxis When you have been exposed (or potentially exposed) to an antigen
Post-exposure
Prevention of Syphilis
Rigorous contact tracing of infectious cases
Screening of high-risk groups
Routine blood test with STI screen and during pregnancy and on immigration
Local outreach to MSM via bathhouse clinics, park outreach, internet outreach, GLBT health coalition (Get It On website)
Hepatitis that is transmitted fecal/oral
Hep A (HAV)
Hepatitis transmitted through blood/body fluids
Hep B (HBV)
Hepatitis transmitted through blood
Hep C (HCV)
*do not have to memorize
Incubation: 45-180 days
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, loss of appetite, jaundice, nausea, vomiting
50-70% asymptomatic in adults
Transmission: blood, sexual fluids, saliva, breast milk
Testing/diagnosis: blood test
Tx: high protein diet, maintain fluid intake, rest
Prevention: immunization, safe sex,universal precautions, household precautions
Hep B (HBV)
Chlamydia and GC
Health prmotion?
Primary?
Secondary?
Tertiary?
Health promotion: healthy sexuality, healthy childhood development, school health curriculum. Social marketing
Primary prevention: educating on condom use, vaccination against HEP B and A, school health curriculum, social marketing
Secondary: screening risk groups, contact tracing and notification of exposure; tresting edposed inds, routin testing; pap test
Tertiary: recovering
