Class 7 Advocacy Policy & Collaborative Partnerships For Population Health Flashcards
• Presents a systematic way of understanding events or situations
• A set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict
these events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables
Theory
More highly developed and rigorously tested
Conceptual models / frameworks
provides roots that anchor both practice and research in the
nursing discipline
assists practitioners, decision makers, educators, and
researchers to explain what they experience, inform their
actions and decisions, and articulate possible outcomes
Theory
demonstrate both
traditional Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific
understanding
Two-Eyed Seeing and Two-Row Wampum
What are theories that explain health behaviour and behaviour change by focusing on the individual
- Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
- Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
- Health Belief Model (HBM)
Assumption:
Intention to act is
most immediate
determinant of
behaviour
Theory of Planned
Behaviour
focus on individual beliefs about health conditions, which predict individual health- related behaviors. The model defines the key factors that influence health behaviors as an individual’s perceived threat to sickness or disease (perceived susceptibility), belief of consequence (perceived severity), potential positive benefits of action (perceived benefits), perceived barriers to action, exposure to factors that prompt action (cues to action), and confidence in ability to succeed (self-efficacy).
elements of the Health Belief Model
A theory that
Assumptions:
• Behaviour change
is a process, not an event
• Individuals have
varying levels of readiness to change
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL (Stages of Change)
What are the Stages of Change Model
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Determination
- Action
- Relapse
T. Maintenance
What does a Health Belief Model look like?
social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services.
A model which process involves…
Determining
Demographic variab;es, psychological characteristics —> perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, health motivation, perceived benefits, perceived barriers —> action
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
Theories that explain change in communities and organizations; community action for health
- Diffusion of innovation
- Community mobilization / community organization
It is a theory that:
• How new ideas
(practices, programs)
are adopted by
communities
• Focuses on different
categories of
adopters based on
time it takes to adopt
innovation
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION
A theory that involves
(1) Social Planning: stresses problem solving, often relies on expert practitioners, TASK ORIENTED
(2) Community Development: Aim is to develop group identify,
cohesion • Focus on building capacity • Community members identify issues • PROCESS ORIENTED
(3) Social Action: Goal is to increase community’s
capacity to solve problems, and to
make concrete changes that redress
social injustices • TASK AND PROCESS ORIENTED
COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION / COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
What are the three stages of community organization / mobilization ??
- Social planning
- Community development
- Social action
• Stresses problem solving • Often relies on expert practitioners • TASK ORIENTED
SOCIAL PLANNING
• Aim is to develop group identify,
cohesion • Focus on building capacity • Community members identify issues • PROCESS ORIENTED
8 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
• Goal is to increase community’s
capacity to solve problems, and to
make concrete changes that redress
social injustices • TASK AND PROCESS ORIENTED
SOCIAL ACTION
• Requires a capacity-building approach rather than deficiency-
orientation approach • Role of the CHN is an external champion ; must take the lead of the
community • Requires maximum participation (engagement) of community
members in decisions related to program planning, implementation
or needed policy change • Without some level of empowerment, health promotion strategies
will not be effective long-term.
Community Organization in Practice
policies OUTSIDE
the health sector that promote health of
individuals/communities by:
• making it easier for people to adopt
healthy practices; • making it harder for people to adopt
unhealthy practices; • creating healthy physical and social
environments
Healthy Public Policy
Theories that help to explain the need for healthy public policy
- Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
- Milio’s Framework
- Weiss’s Models of Policy Development
Theories that have a system level focus and explore the relationships between individuals and communities, and between sociocultural and environmental factors that affect health (often referred to as ‘ecological’ models)
Population Health Promotion
Model
Complexity science theory
Social Ecological theory
Critical social theory
Intersectionality
What are health promotion Strategies Focused on Changing Behaviour
- Behavioural/Lifestyle Approach
- HEALTH EDUCATION
- HEALTH COMMUNICATION
- SOCIAL MARKETING
- REGULATORY MEASURES
What are the four “P’s” or marketing
• “product,” “price,” “place,” and “promotion.”
Examples of behavioural / lifestyle approach?
Health Education (Individual, Group)
Health Communication
Social Marketing
Regulatory Measures
What are health promotion (HP) Strategies Focused on Changing the Community, Environment, or Policy
Socio-Environmental Approach INFLUENCED BY COMMUNITY,
—> Ottawa Charter strategies
—>Empowering strategies
…the process of enabling people to increase control over , and to improve, their health…
HEALTH PROMOTION
…an active, involved process where people, groups, and communities move toward increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life, and social justice”
EMPOWERMENT
Community health nurses partner with the client to promote capacity. The focus is to recognize barriers to health and to mobilize and build on existing strengths.
Capacity Building:
What are empowerment strategies?
- Personal empowerment
- Small group development
- Community organization
- Coalition advocacy
- Political action
It means taking a position on an issue and initiating actions in a deliberate attempt to influence public or private policy
Afvocacy
examines the client within the community, as well as nurse-client
interactions, and the role of CHNs as community advocates
Theory-Informed Practice in Community Health Nursing
model is
used to guide care and decolonize and redesign health programs for First Nations
in BC
First Nations Perspective on Health and Wellness model
What is downstream approach
What is midstream approach to advocacy
What is upstream approach
What are efficient approaches to buildomg collaborative community relationships
as a public health intervention has been used to:
effect change for the people living in poverty;
changes for child labour;
fight for women’s right to vote; and
distribute birth control information to women
Activism
is a social justice issue and a mandatory component of public health and community nursing practice.
Advocacy
Assumption: Intention to act is most immediate determinant of behaviour
A simple and practical way to understand why people do what they do. It suggests that our actions are influenced by three main things: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control
THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR
What are the (stages of change) in Transtheoretical model?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Determination
Action
Relapse
Maintenance
Behaviour change is a process, not an event
Individuals have varying levels of readiness to change
A simple way to understand how people change their behavior. It suggests that when someone wants to make a change, they go through different stages.
Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)
Focus on individual beliefs about health conditions, which predict individual health- related behaviors. The model defines the key factors that influence health behaviors as an individual’s perceived threat to sickness or disease (perceived susceptibility), belief of consequence (perceived severity), potential positive benefits of action (perceived benefits), perceived barriers to action, exposure to factors that prompt action (cues to action), and confidence in ability to succeed (self-efficacy).
A simple way to understand why people take care of their health. It suggests that there are a few things that influence whether someone will do something to stay healthy: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action
Health Belief Model
A way to understand how new ideas, products, or technologies spread and become popular among people. It suggests that different types of individuals adopt new things at different times: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards
Diffusion of Innovation
adventurous people who like to try new things early
on. They are risk-takers and enjoy being the first to embrace innovations
Innovators
These individuals are open to new ideas and are influential in
their communities. They watch the innovators and quickly adopt new things after seeing their success.
Early adopters
This group is more cautious but still willing to try something new
once they see others benefiting from it.
Early majority
These individuals are skeptics and take more time to adopt
innovations. They may wait until something becomes very popular and widely accepted.
Late majority
Requires a capacity-building approach rather than deficiency-orientation approach
Role of the CHN is an external champion (advocate, support, promote, connect); must take the lead of the community
Requires maximum participation (engagement) of community members in decisions related to program planning, implementation or needed policy change
Without some level of empowerment, health promotion strategies will not be effective long-term.
Community Organization
policies OUTSIDE the health sector that promote health of individuals/communities by:
- making it easier for people to adopt healthy practices;
- making it harder for people to adopt unhealthy practices;
- creating healthy physical and social environments
Healthy Public Policy
What are health promotion strategies focused on changing behaviour?
Health education
Health communication
Social marketing
Regulatory measures
