Class 7 Advocacy Policy & Collaborative Partnerships For Population Health

Question 1

• Presents a systematic way of understanding events or situations
• A set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict
these events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables

Answer 1

Theory

Question 2

More highly developed and rigorously tested

Answer 2

Conceptual models / frameworks

Question 3

provides roots that anchor both practice and research in the
nursing discipline
assists practitioners, decision makers, educators, and
researchers to explain what they experience, inform their
actions and decisions, and articulate possible outcomes

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

demonstrate both
traditional Indigenous knowledge and Western scientific
understanding

Answer 4

Two-Eyed Seeing and Two-Row Wampum

Question 5

What are theories that explain health behaviour and behaviour change by focusing on the individual

Answer 5

1. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
2. Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model
3. Health Belief Model (HBM)

Question 6

Assumption:
Intention to act is
most immediate
determinant of
behaviour

Answer 6

Theory of Planned
Behaviour

Question 7

focus on individual beliefs about health conditions, which predict individual health- related behaviors. The model defines the key factors that influence health behaviors as an individual’s perceived threat to sickness or disease (perceived susceptibility), belief of consequence (perceived severity), potential positive benefits of action (perceived benefits), perceived barriers to action, exposure to factors that prompt action (cues to action), and confidence in ability to succeed (self-efficacy).

Answer 7

elements of the Health Belief Model

Question 8

A theory that
Assumptions:
• Behaviour change
is a process, not an event
• Individuals have
varying levels of readiness to change

Answer 8

TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL (Stages of Change)

Question 9

What are the Stages of Change Model

Answer 9

1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Determination
4. Action
5. Relapse
   T. Maintenance

Question 10

What does a Health Belief Model look like?

Answer 10

social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services.

Question 11

A model which process involves…

Determining
Demographic variab;es, psychological characteristics —> perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, health motivation, perceived benefits, perceived barriers —> action

Answer 11

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

Question 12

Theories that explain change in communities and organizations; community action for health

Answer 12

1. Diffusion of innovation
2. Community mobilization / community organization

Question 13

It is a theory that:
• How new ideas
(practices, programs)
are adopted by
communities
• Focuses on different
categories of
adopters based on
time it takes to adopt
innovation

Answer 13

DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION

Question 14

A theory that involves
(1) Social Planning: stresses problem solving, often relies on expert practitioners, TASK ORIENTED
(2) Community Development: Aim is to develop group identify,
cohesion • Focus on building capacity • Community members identify issues • PROCESS ORIENTED
(3) Social Action: Goal is to increase community’s
capacity to solve problems, and to
make concrete changes that redress
social injustices • TASK AND PROCESS ORIENTED

Answer 14

COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION / COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

Question 15

What are the three stages of community organization / mobilization ??

Answer 15

1. Social planning
2. Community development
3. Social action

Question 16

• Stresses problem solving • Often relies on expert practitioners • TASK ORIENTED

Answer 16

SOCIAL PLANNING

Question 17

• Aim is to develop group identify,
cohesion • Focus on building capacity • Community members identify issues • PROCESS ORIENTED

Answer 17

8 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Question 18

• Goal is to increase community’s
capacity to solve problems, and to
make concrete changes that redress
social injustices • TASK AND PROCESS ORIENTED

Answer 18

SOCIAL ACTION

Question 19

• Requires a capacity-building approach rather than deficiency-
orientation approach • Role of the CHN is an external champion ; must take the lead of the
community • Requires maximum participation (engagement) of community
members in decisions related to program planning, implementation
or needed policy change • Without some level of empowerment, health promotion strategies
will not be effective long-term.

Answer 19

Community Organization in Practice

Question 20

policies OUTSIDE
the health sector that promote health of
individuals/communities by:
• making it easier for people to adopt
healthy practices; • making it harder for people to adopt
unhealthy practices; • creating healthy physical and social
environments

Answer 20

Healthy Public Policy

Question 21

Theories that help to explain the need for healthy public policy

Answer 21

1. Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
2. Milio’s Framework
3. Weiss’s Models of Policy Development

Question 22

Theories that have a system level focus and explore the relationships between individuals and communities, and between sociocultural and environmental factors that affect health (often referred to as ‘ecological’ models)

Answer 22

Population Health Promotion
Model
Complexity science theory
Social Ecological theory
Critical social theory
Intersectionality

Question 23

What are health promotion Strategies Focused on Changing Behaviour

Answer 23

1. Behavioural/Lifestyle Approach
2. HEALTH EDUCATION
3. HEALTH COMMUNICATION
4. SOCIAL MARKETING
5. REGULATORY MEASURES

Question 24

What are the four “P’s” or marketing

Answer 24

• “product,” “price,” “place,” and “promotion.”

Question 25

Examples of behavioural / lifestyle approach?

Answer 25

Health Education (Individual, Group) Health Communication Social Marketing Regulatory Measures

Question 26

What are health promotion (HP) Strategies Focused on Changing the Community, Environment, or Policy

Answer 26

Socio-Environmental Approach INFLUENCED BY COMMUNITY, —> Ottawa Charter strategies —>Empowering strategies

Question 27

…the process of enabling people to increase control over , and to improve, their health…

Answer 27

HEALTH PROMOTION

Question 28

…an active, involved process where people, groups, and communities move toward increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life, and social justice”

Answer 28

EMPOWERMENT

Question 29

Community health nurses partner with the client to promote capacity. The focus is to recognize barriers to health and to mobilize and build on existing strengths.

Answer 29

Capacity Building:

Question 30

What are empowerment strategies?

Answer 30

1. Personal empowerment 2. Small group development 3. Community organization 4. Coalition advocacy 5. Political action

Question 31

It means taking a position on an issue and initiating actions in a deliberate attempt to influence public or private policy

Answer 31

Afvocacy

Question 32

examines the client within the community, as well as nurse-client interactions, and the role of CHNs as community advocates

Answer 32

Theory-Informed Practice in Community Health Nursing

Question 33

model is used to guide care and decolonize and redesign health programs for First Nations in BC

Answer 33

First Nations Perspective on Health and Wellness model

Question 34

What is downstream approach

Question 35

What is midstream approach to advocacy

Question 36

What is upstream approach

Question 37

What are efficient approaches to buildomg collaborative community relationships

Question 38

as a public health intervention has been used to: effect change for the people living in poverty; changes for child labour; fight for women’s right to vote; and distribute birth control information to women

Answer 38

Activism

Question 39

is a social justice issue and a mandatory component of public health and community nursing practice.

Answer 39

Advocacy

Question 40

Assumption: Intention to act is most immediate determinant of behaviour A simple and practical way to understand why people do what they do. It suggests that our actions are influenced by three main things: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control

Answer 40

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR

Question 41

What are the (stages of change) in Transtheoretical model?

Answer 41

Precontemplation Contemplation Determination Action Relapse Maintenance

Question 42

Behaviour change is a process, not an event Individuals have varying levels of readiness to change A simple way to understand how people change their behavior. It suggests that when someone wants to make a change, they go through different stages.

Answer 42

Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)

Question 43

Focus on individual beliefs about health conditions, which predict individual health- related behaviors. The model defines the key factors that influence health behaviors as an individual's perceived threat to sickness or disease (perceived susceptibility), belief of consequence (perceived severity), potential positive benefits of action (perceived benefits), perceived barriers to action, exposure to factors that prompt action (cues to action), and confidence in ability to succeed (self-efficacy). A simple way to understand why people take care of their health. It suggests that there are a few things that influence whether someone will do something to stay healthy: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action

Answer 43

Health Belief Model

Question 44

A way to understand how new ideas, products, or technologies spread and become popular among people. It suggests that different types of individuals adopt new things at different times: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards

Answer 44

Diffusion of Innovation

Question 45

adventurous people who like to try new things early on. They are risk-takers and enjoy being the first to embrace innovations

Answer 45

Innovators

Question 46

These individuals are open to new ideas and are influential in their communities. They watch the innovators and quickly adopt new things after seeing their success.

Answer 46

Early adopters

Question 47

This group is more cautious but still willing to try something new once they see others benefiting from it.

Answer 47

Early majority

Question 48

These individuals are skeptics and take more time to adopt innovations. They may wait until something becomes very popular and widely accepted.

Answer 48

Late majority

Question 49

Requires a capacity-building approach rather than deficiency-orientation approach Role of the CHN is an external champion (advocate, support, promote, connect); must take the lead of the community Requires maximum participation (engagement) of community members in decisions related to program planning, implementation or needed policy change Without some level of empowerment, health promotion strategies will not be effective long-term.

Answer 49

Community Organization

Question 50

policies OUTSIDE the health sector that promote health of individuals/communities by: - making it easier for people to adopt healthy practices; - making it harder for people to adopt unhealthy practices; - creating healthy physical and social environments

Answer 50

Healthy Public Policy

Question 51

What are health promotion strategies focused on changing behaviour?

Answer 51

Health education Health communication Social marketing Regulatory measures