Class 11 Nursing, Global health, Environmental health, And Disaster management Flashcards
Types of disasters
refer to the interacting ecosystems of Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial surfaces that are essential for life on our planet. In addition to oxygen, clean water, and soil, we depend on resources for energy and materials for shelter. We depend on ecological systems, including the ozone layer, to protect us from harmful ultraviolet rays; clean oceans and marine systems to provide food; natural systems to detoxify waste; and a stable climate that can sustain life globally.
The ecological determinants of health
Name 3 enVironmental frameworks
- Indigenous perspectives on health and the environment
- Intersectional ecological-feminist approaches
- Planetary health approaches
Characterized as having deep respect, humility, and responsibility to protect the environment and preserve it for the benefit of future generations
This holistic understanding has been developed over millennia and reflects the core principles that ought to guide our relationship as humans with non-human life on Earth. This insight, then, ought to be the starting point for our engagement with environmental health.
Indigenous perspectives in health and the environment
A care-sensitive ethic, particularly for policy and decision making, includes valuing caring work done in society for children, the sick, older adults, and the environment. Necessary for a holistic understanding of our relationship with the environment.
- two approaches: (a) value dualism, which is used to establish opposition and exclusiveness; for example, when reason is associated with the masculine and opposite to emotion which is feminine
(b) value-hierarchical thinking, which is used to establish a hierarchy to justify domination, and the exploitation and pollution of natural resources by humans and the simultaneous oppression of populations rendered vulnerable by those with more economic and political power
Any framework that facilitates this explication has to have a component to make oppressive relations visible in order to re-negotiate and re-construct a more viable society and sustainable future.
Intersectional ecological-feminist approaches
is concerned with the unprecedented impact of human activity on Earth’s ecological systems in the atmosphere, in oceans, and on land and its consequences for human health. Instead of looking at the environment as something dangerous and to be feared, planetary health recognizes that we can achieve and sustain the health of future generations by taking care of our planet’s natural systems.
Planetary Health
illustrates how human activities in the form of consumerism, overpopulation, and environmentally damaging technologies are the underlying drivers of ecological change. This framework attempts to explain the forces currently driving global change and at the same time suggests where and how social action could lead to positive health outcomes.
This ecological Change negatively impacts air quality, food production, infectious disease exposure, fresh water access, and natural phenomena.
Socially mediating factors contribute to negative health outcomes, including malnutrition, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, displacement and conflict, and mental health.
The mediating factors of public policies, deciSion making in governance, and advances in technology Can also contribute to positive health outcomes.
This framework depicts a mechanism of how humans are harming their own health by harming life-sustaining ecosystems.
The framework of planetary health
Deals with issues that directly affect health of all people in the world including those that transcend national boundaries.
Concerned with all strategies that improve the health of all people, including health promotion and illness prevention at the population level and clinical care of individuals. Builds on national public health initiatives and institutions.
Global Health
Deals with the health issues of rsource contrained countries rather than one’s own countryof residence or citizenship
Encompasses both health promotion and illness prevention in populations and clinical care of individuals. However, the scope of solutions is limited to the countries working together
International Health
Deals with issues that shape population health of a community or entire country within the geographic boundary of the]at country,
Focuses on health promotion and illness prevention programs at the population level within a country
Public Health
provided a framework of time-bound goals and targets using a baseline of 1990 (United Nations, 2000). However, various challenges were apparent, including persistent inequalities; food and nutrition insecurity; knowledge challenges; growing environmental footprints; conflict, violence, and insecurity; governance deficits at all levels; and shifting demographics (e.g., migration, urbanization, and aging). Although many targets were met, others demonstrated insufficient progress, no progress, or even, in some cases, a deterioration. In a few countries, there have been insufficient data available to evaluate progress made to date. This pointed to a critical need to find new approaches to promote global health equity, leading to the initiation of the SDGs (United Nations System Task Team on the UN Development Agenda, 2012).
Millenium Development Goals
- Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty
- Achieve universal primary education
- Promote gender equality and empower women
- Reduce child mortality
- Improve maternal health
- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
- Ensure environmental sustainability
- Develop a global partnership for development
MDG
has established 12 thematic groups that are solution oriented rather than research oriented. The goal is to stimulate governments, United Nations agencies, and the public toward discovery of practical solutions to the greatest challenges of sustainable development.
The Sustainable Development Solutions Network
What is the 17 Sustainable Development goals for?
It targets and indicators to measure progress
affect public safety and leave communities with long-term adverse socioeconomic, health, and environmental effects.
Individuals at greatest risk include vulnerable or priority groups such as women, children, older adults, the poor, and people with mental and physical disabilities
DEFINING FEATURE: The event exceeds the capacity of the community to respond. This is why when a state of emergency is declared, the community has access to more resources.
Disasters
Usually occur suddenly
Caused by nature, human error, biohazard, infectious disease
Include earthquakes, floods, fires, hurricanes, major storms, volcanic eruptions, spills, air crashes, droughts, epidemics, food shortages, and civil strife
Long term effects
At risk groups: women children, older adults, poor, people with disabilities
DEFINING FEATURE: The event exceeds the capacity of the community to respond.
Disasters
Natural disasters
droughts, heat waves, ice storms, heavy snowfalls, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, storms, tsunamis, volcanoes, wildfires, train derailment, plane crash
Human made disasters
bioterrorism, bombings, technical disasters, nuclear disasters, oil spills, 9/11
infectious disease spreads rapidly, affecting a large # of individuals within a population, community or region
Epidemics
5 parts of emergency management
Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Resoinse
Recovery
It is to help reduce a community’s vulnerability to disaster
Prevention & Mitigation
