Class 2 Promoting Population Health Equity

Question 1

Determinants of health

Question 2

Human right to health

Question 3

Illustrate the proximal (downstream), intermediate (midstream), and distal (upstream) determinants of health inequities in structurally disadvantaged populations/groups/ communities in Manitoba/Canada.

Question 4

significance of addressing health inequities/disparities

Question 5

“…is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups….it acts upon the broad range of factors and conditions that have a strong influence on our health”

Answer 5

Population health

Question 6

Peace
Shelter
Education
Food
Income
A stable ecosystem
Sustainable resources
Social justice
Equity

Answer 6

Prerequisites for health

Question 7

Treating everyone the same, without considering their circumstances and attributes. It is assumed that everyone will benefit from the same supports.

Answer 7

Equality

Question 8

Focuses on fairness and equality in outcomes, not just in supports and opportunity. Individuals are given different supports to make it possible for them to have equal access.

Answer 8

Equity

Question 9

is the fair distribution of resources needed for health, fair access to the opportunities available, and fairness in the support offered to people when ill.

Answer 9

Health equity

Question 10

the process of ensuring fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and consequences. Its defining attributes are equity and human rights, democracy/civil rights, and just institutions.

Answer 10

SOCIAL JUSTICE

Question 11

works with people where they live, work, learn, worship, and play to promote health….CHNs work in various settings such as homes, schools, workplaces, streets, shelters, [religious institutions], field hospitals, community health centres, and outpost nursing stations” (Phillips & Schofield)

Answer 11

Chn

Question 12

depicts three broad categories, each containing a number of components that support PHNs in promoting the health of the client. The graphic is circular, with the client at the centre, implying that each area is equally important in contributing to well-being. As depicted in the graphic, a number of features define a unique PHN scope and function. These include Community Health Nurses of Canada standards and competencies; professional regulatory standards; the Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics; PHN theoretical foundation; and values and principles. The category of community organizations includes the delivery of PHN services; PHN professional relationships and partnerships; and management practices. The category of system refers to government support and determinants of health. In the centre of the graphic, the concept of client pertains to “individuals, families, groups, communities, populations and systems”

Answer 12

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODEL (2019)

Question 13

CHNs seek to identify and assess the root and historical causes of illness, disease and inequities in health
CHNs integrate health promotion into practice using the five Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies
CHNs include cultural safety and cultural humility approaches in all health promotion interventions
CHNs evaluate and modify health promotion activities in partnership with the client

Answer 13

Health promotion

Question 14

to promote self-management of disease, maximize function, enhance quality of life
CHNs support life transitions including acute, chronic, or terminal illness, and end of life

Answer 14

Health Maintenance, Restoration & Palliation

Question 15

The focus is to recognize barriers to health and to mobilize and build on existing strengths.

CHNs use a comprehensive mix of strategies such as coalition building, inter-sectoral collaboration, community engagement and mobilization, partnerships and networking to build community capacity to take action on priority issues

Answer 15

Capacity building

Question 16

understand historical injustices, inequitable power relations, institutionalized and interpersonal racism and their impacts on health and health care and provide culturally safe care.
CHNs refer, coordinate and facilitate client access to universal and equitable health promoting services that are acceptable and responsive to their needs

Answer 16

Health equity

Question 17

considering best available research evidence, and other factors such as client context and preferences, and available resources to determine nursing actions
CHNs understand and use knowledge translation strategies to integrate high quality research into clinical practice, education and research

Answer 17

Evidence-based practice

Question 18

CHNs assess and identify unsafe, unethical, illegal or socially unacceptable circumstances and take preventive or correction action to protect the client
CHNs recognize ethical dilemmas and apply ethical principles and CNA Code of Ethics
CHNs use reflective practice to continually assess, and improve personal community health nursing practice including cultural safety and humility

Answer 18

Standard 8: professional responsibility & accountability

Question 19

CHNs apply the appropriate level of prevention (primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) to improve client health
CHNs use prevention and protection approaches with the client to identify risk factors and to address issues such as communicable disease, injury, chronic disease, and physical environment

Answer 19

Prevention & health protection

Question 20

CHNs work with others to establish, build and nurture professional and therapeutic relationships. These relationships include optimizing participation, and self-determination of the client
CHNs build a network of relationships and partnerships with a wide variety of individuals, families, groups, communities, and systems to address health issues and promote healthy public policy to advance health equity

Answer 20

Professional relationships

Question 21

Illustrates the complex interrelationships of numerous factors sometimes interacting in subtle ways to increase (or decrease) the risk of disease

Answer 21

WEB OF CAUSATION (CAUSALITY)