Class 4 Promoting Population Health: Theories, Models, Frameworks

Question 1

health promotion models, theories, frameworks in population health

Question 2

principles of empowerment

Question 3

Persons who interact and have similar goals or interests and share common social supports, and may or may not come from within the same geographic boundaries
A locality-based entity composed of systems of formal organizations reflecting society’s institutions, informal groups, and aggregates (groups within a population)
People and relationships who share agencies and a physical environments

Answer 3

Community

Question 4

is the process of involving the community in maintaining, improving, promoting, and protecting its own health and well-being.
This definition emphasizes the process dimension but also includes the dimensions of status and structure

Answer 4

Community Health

Question 5

Dimensions for community health…

Answer 5

1. Status
2. Structure
3. Process

Question 6

Includes physical, emotional, and social components:

Answer 6

Status

Question 7

Includes community health services and resources and attributes of the community structure itself, commonly identified as social indicators or correlates of health

Answer 7

Structure

Question 8

is one where people, organizations, and local institutions work together to improve the social, economic, and environmental conditions that make people healthy—the Determinants of Health.

Answer 8

Healthy community

Question 9

as “building communities from the inside out”
Occurs when a community is engaged in a dynamic, continuous process of social change that can lead to permanent enhancements in people’s lives

Answer 9

Community Development

Question 10

Identifying community-based initiatives such as community development, strategic planning, and organizational development

Answer 10

Asset mapping

Question 11

The maintenance and continuation of established community programs

More likely to occur when members of the community are involved as partners in the community development process

Answer 11

Sustainability

Question 12

is a dynamic, ongoing process undertaken to identify the strengths and needs of the community, enable the community-wide establishment of health priorities, and facilitate collaborative action planning directed at improving community health status and quality of life”

Answer 12

Community health assessment

Question 13

The process of thinking critically about the community
Involves getting to know and understand the community client as partner

Answer 13

Community health assessmnet

Question 14

Consists of 4 phases: assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation
Ongoing quantitative and qualitative systematic appraisal of the community
Addresses the challenges to reduce inequalities, increase prevention, and enhance community coping
Successful when the community is fully engaged and empowered throughout the nursing process

Answer 14

Community health assessment

Question 15

Focus on the determinants
Focus on inequities
Identify community strengths and problems
Usually the CHN is involved in community development to engage citizens

Answer 15

Public health

Question 16

are precise statements indicating the means of achieving the desired outcomes

Answer 16

Objectives

Question 17

stresses gathering and analyzing facts and implementing programs

Answer 17

Change agent

Question 18

includes enabler-catalyst, teacher of problem-solving skills to address health concern, and activist advocate

Answer 18

Change partner

Question 19

A communication tool that depicts the process and components of planning in diagrammatic form
Depicts a cause-and-effect sequence or path toward a stated outcome
Clarifies logical linkages of program inputs, outputs, and outcomes related to a specific health concern or situation

Answer 19

Program Logic Model (PLM)

Question 20

A complex, but comprehensive, planning model
Nine phases:
(phases 1-5): set the direction and objectives for the ensuing phases
(phases 6-9): address the need for health promotion interventions and approaches used to change unhealthy behaviours

Emphasizes two basic assumptions:
1. Health and health risks are caused by multiple factors (Determinants of Health).
2. Efforts to effect behavioural, environmental, and social change must be multidimensional or multisectoral and participatory in that the target audience is actively involved in the model.

Answer 20

Precede-proceed model

Question 21

1. Relevance: The need for the program
2. Adequacy: The extent to which the program addresses the entire problem defined in the needs assessment
3. Progress: The tracking of program activities to meet objectives
4. Efficiency: The relationship between program outcomes and costs
5. Effectiveness: The ability to meet program objectives and the results of program efforts
6. Impact: Long-term changes in the client population
7. Sustainability: Enough resources to continue the program

Answer 21

Health Program Evaluatiom Criteria

Question 22

A communication tool that depicts the process and components of planning in
diagrammatic form

Depicts a cause-and-effect sequence or path toward a stated outcome

Clarifies logical linkages of program inputs, outputs, and outcomes related to a specific health concern or situation

Answer 22

Program Logic Model

Question 23

What is the Health Program Planning Process

Answer 23

1. Assessment of health concern
2. Identification and formulation of goals and objectives
3. Identify activities or alternatives

Question 24

tracking and forecasting of any health event or health determinant through the collection of data; its integration, analysis, and interpretation into surveillance products; and the dissemination of those surveillance products to those who need to know

Answer 24

Health surveillance

Question 25

newly diagnosed cases in the last year (i.e. infection, injuries)

Answer 25

Incidence rate

Question 26

new and existing cases over your population (i.e. chronic conditions,
how well a treatment is)

Answer 26

Prevalence rate

Question 27

consistency of a measure (whether the results can be reproduced under the same conditions) - getting the same result every time

Answer 27

Reliability

Question 28

sensitivity and specificity - accuracy of a measure (whether the results really do represent what they are supposed to measure)

Answer 28

Validity

Question 29

is the ability to correctly identify individuals who have the disease—
that is to identify a true positive. A test with high in ______ will have few false negatives

Answer 29

SensitivitySENSITIVITY

Question 30

is the ability to correctly identify individuals who do not have the
disease or to call a true negative “negative.” A test with high ______ has few false positives.

Answer 30

SPECIFICITY

Question 31

____ is the likelihood that the patient failing the screen (i.e. a positive result) does NOT have the condition

Answer 31

Type I error (FALSE POSITIVE)

Question 32

_______ is the likelihood that the patient passing the screen (i.e. a negative result) HAS the condition

Answer 32

Type II error (FALSE NEGATIVE)

Question 33

IDENTIFIES MOST PEOPLE WITH THE CONDITION

Answer 33

High SENSITIVITY

Question 34

Identifies most people who don’t have the condition

Answer 34

High specificity

Question 35

A locality-based entity composed of systems of formal organizations reflecting society’s institutions, informal groups, and aggregates (groups within a population)

Answer 35

Community

Question 36

People and relationships who share agencies and a physical environments

Answer 36

Community