Class 8 Flashcards
what are the four types of metal toxicity?
mercury
lead
arsenic
aluminum
high monocytes are indicative of either _______ or _______
atypical bacteria
epstein barr virus
what are the three types of atypical bacteria
legionella
mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae
What’s in a Basic Metabolic Profile (BMP)?
Na+ K+ Cl CO2 Blood Urea Nitrogen Creatinine Glucose
what does low Na+ mean?
low sodium levels, probably also low in iodine
What causes low K+?
low potassium
can be caused by drugs, anorexia, diuretics
what can cause high creatinine?
protein shakes/too much protein intake
HTN
drugs
diabetes
what does high blood glucose typically indicate?
diabetes
When you do the Comprehensive Metabolic Profile (CMP) what is added?
ALT
AST
alkaline phosphatase
Calcium
Total Protein
Albumin
what test should you order to view with Calcium?
magnesium
what does it mean when the ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase is elevated?
liver cancer or hepatitis
what does it mean when there is high calcium? (check if it’s high or low w/ dr.)
Malignancy
Osteoporosis
Hyperparathyroid
What does it mean if the TP and Albumin are high?
hypertension
diabetes
What’s in a thyroid profile?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) T3 T4 Thyroid Peroxide Thyroglobulin
if TSH is greater than 4, is it hyper or hypothyroidism? Will T3/T4 be high or low?
hypo
low
if TSH is lower than 4, is it hyper or hypothyroidism? Will T3/T4 be high or low?
hyper
high
if thyroid peroxide is higher than 35, then the patient has _____________. They’re going to be sensitive to ________.
hashimoto’s autoimmune
gluten
if thyroglobulin is greater than 10, it’s likely
epstein barr virus
what’s in a lipid profile?
Total Cholesterol
HDL
LDL
triglycerides
Total Cholesterol should be less than
200
HDL should be greater than ____ in men and ____ in women
40
50
LDL should be less than ____, but less than ____ in labs and less than ____ if there’s a history of heart disease
120
100
70
Triglycerides should be less than ____ and ideally even under ____
150
100
bad LDL with bad particle are ______ and indicative of pattern __
small dense
B
bad LDL with good particle are ____ and indicative of pattern __
large fluffy
A
TG is _________ly proportional to HDL
inverse
high TG and low HDL is called ______, ______, or _____. THey all lead to ______
prediabetes
syndrome x
metabolic syndrome
Diabetes
why do statins lower sex drive?
because cholesterols are needed to create hormones
1 function of liver
create cholesterol
2 function of liver
create clotting factors
which hepatitis is not sexually transmitted
A
- When it comes to viruses, there’s IgG and IgM. At first, you’ll have Hep A ___ for three weeks. Then, ___ will be negative, and ___ will be positive for the rest of your life
IgM
IgM
IgG
- Nausea
- Jaundice
- Anorexia/wt loss
- Vomiting
- Change in stools, light and floating (because there’s no fat)
- Not really fever
these are symptoms of
Hep A
what are the four F’s of cholecystitis
forty
female
fertile
fat
the most common infection of the esophagus
candida albicans aka thrush
- Ketoconazole
- Nystatin
- Fluconazole (strongest) diflucan
these treat _________ but are toxic to the ______ so use a _____ free diet!
candida albicans
liver
yeast
a dilated vein in the esophagus is _____ while one in the rectum is _____
varice
hemorrhoid
a tightening of the esophagus is a _______
stricture
_______ is:
- A precursor to esophageal cancer if not treated
- Comes from toxins ETOH from alcohol, nicotine
- Can also come from GERD
barrett’s esophagus
