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Physical Exam > Class 8 > Flashcards

Class 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four types of metal toxicity?

A

mercury
lead
arsenic
aluminum

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2
Q

high monocytes are indicative of either _______ or _______

A

atypical bacteria

epstein barr virus

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3
Q

what are the three types of atypical bacteria

A

legionella
mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae

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4
Q

What’s in a Basic Metabolic Profile (BMP)?

A 
Na+
K+
Cl
CO2
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Creatinine
Glucose
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5
Q

what does low Na+ mean?

A

low sodium levels, probably also low in iodine

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6
Q

What causes low K+?

A

low potassium

can be caused by drugs, anorexia, diuretics

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7
Q

what can cause high creatinine?

A

protein shakes/too much protein intake
HTN
drugs
diabetes

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8
Q

what does high blood glucose typically indicate?

A

diabetes

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9
Q

When you do the Comprehensive Metabolic Profile (CMP) what is added?

A

ALT
AST
alkaline phosphatase

Calcium

Total Protein
Albumin

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10
Q

what test should you order to view with Calcium?

A

magnesium

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11
Q

what does it mean when the ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase is elevated?

A

liver cancer or hepatitis

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12
Q

what does it mean when there is high calcium? (check if it’s high or low w/ dr.)

A

Malignancy
Osteoporosis
Hyperparathyroid

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13
Q

What does it mean if the TP and Albumin are high?

A

hypertension

diabetes

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14
Q

What’s in a thyroid profile?

A 
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
T3
T4
Thyroid Peroxide
Thyroglobulin
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15
Q

if TSH is greater than 4, is it hyper or hypothyroidism? Will T3/T4 be high or low?

A

hypo

low

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16
Q

if TSH is lower than 4, is it hyper or hypothyroidism? Will T3/T4 be high or low?

A

hyper

high

17
Q

if thyroid peroxide is higher than 35, then the patient has _____________. They’re going to be sensitive to ________.

A

hashimoto’s autoimmune

gluten

18
Q

if thyroglobulin is greater than 10, it’s likely

A

epstein barr virus

19
Q

what’s in a lipid profile?

A

Total Cholesterol
HDL
LDL
triglycerides

20
Q

Total Cholesterol should be less than

A

200

21
Q

HDL should be greater than ____ in men and ____ in women

A

40

50

22
Q

LDL should be less than ____, but less than ____ in labs and less than ____ if there’s a history of heart disease

A

120
100
70

23
Q

Triglycerides should be less than ____ and ideally even under ____

A

150

100

24
Q

bad LDL with bad particle are ______ and indicative of pattern __

A

small dense

B

25
Q

bad LDL with good particle are ____ and indicative of pattern __

A

large fluffy

A

26
Q

TG is _________ly proportional to HDL

A

inverse

27
Q

high TG and low HDL is called ______, ______, or _____. THey all lead to ______

A

prediabetes
syndrome x
metabolic syndrome

Diabetes

28
Q

why do statins lower sex drive?

A

because cholesterols are needed to create hormones

29
Q

1 function of liver

A

create cholesterol

30
Q

2 function of liver

A

create clotting factors

31
Q

which hepatitis is not sexually transmitted

A

A

32
Q
  • When it comes to viruses, there’s IgG and IgM. At first, you’ll have Hep A ___ for three weeks. Then, ___ will be negative, and ___ will be positive for the rest of your life
A

IgM
IgM
IgG

33
Q
  • Nausea
    - Jaundice
    - Anorexia/wt loss
    - Vomiting
    - Change in stools, light and floating (because there’s no fat)
    - Not really fever
    these are symptoms of
A

Hep A

34
Q

what are the four F’s of cholecystitis

A

forty
female
fertile
fat

35
Q

the most common infection of the esophagus

A

candida albicans aka thrush

36
Q
  • Ketoconazole
    • Nystatin
    • Fluconazole (strongest) diflucan
      these treat _________ but are toxic to the ______ so use a _____ free diet!
A

candida albicans
liver
yeast

37
Q

a dilated vein in the esophagus is _____ while one in the rectum is _____

A

varice

hemorrhoid

38
Q

a tightening of the esophagus is a _______

A

stricture

39
Q

_______ is:

  • A precursor to esophageal cancer if not treated
    • Comes from toxins ETOH from alcohol, nicotine
    • Can also come from GERD
A

barrett’s esophagus

Physical Exam (11 decks)

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