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Physical Exam > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of valve defect has diamond-shaped sound?

A

stenosis

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2
Q

what are the four types of systolic murmurs?

A

tricuspid regurgitation
mitral regurgitation
aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis

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3
Q

what are the four types of diastolic murmurs?

A

aortic insufficiency
pulmonary insufficiency
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis

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4
Q

what are the two diamond-shaped systolic murmurs?

A

aortic stenosis

pulmonary stenosis

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5
Q

what are the two pan-systolic murmurs?

A

mitral regurgitation

tricuspid regurgitation

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6
Q

how do you differentiate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation?

A

mitral radiates to axilla

tricuspid radiates to left side of back

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7
Q

how do you differentiate aortic and pulmonary stenosis?

A

aortic radiates to carotid

pulmonary radiates to right side of back

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8
Q

what are the two pan-diastolic murmurs?

A

aortic insufficiency

pulmonary insufficiency

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9
Q

what are the two diamond shaped diastolic murmurs?

A

mitral stenosis

tricuspid stenosis

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10
Q

how do you differentiate between mitral and tricuspid stenosis?

A

person with tricuspid stenosis will have leg swelling

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11
Q

how do you differentiate aortic and pulmonary insufficiency?

A

aortic insufficiency is the only one that can be diagnosed at the bedside

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12
Q

what are the four symptoms of aortic insufficiency?

A 
head bobbing (De Musset's sign)
pulsing fingernails (Quinke's pulse)
wide pulse pressure
bounding pulse (water hammer pistol shot pulse) (Dr. Corrigan's pulse)
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13
Q

how do you calculate pulse pressure?

A

systole minus diastole

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14
Q

what are the 7 levels of murmur intensity?

A 
i. trace
i-ii. trace-mild
ii. mild
ii-iii. mild-mod
iii. mod
iii-iv. mod-severe
iv. severe
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15
Q

how many murmur intensity levels can you hear without a stethoscope? Which one(s) are they?

A

only one… the severe level

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16
Q

how many murmur intensity levels have a palpable thril? Which one(s) are they?

A

the last three levels!

17
Q

will squatting change the sound of a stenotic murmur?

A

no. squatting does not make the calcium buildup go away

18
Q

what does HOCM stand for?

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

19
Q

in HOCM, what part of the heart hypertrophies, and what does it block?

A

the left septum hypertrophies, and it blocks the aortic valve.

20
Q

what murmur will HOCM sound like?

A

aortic stenosis

21
Q

how can you tell the difference between HOCM and aortic stenosis?

A

if the patient squats, the HOCM murmur will disappear because of valsalva pressure

22
Q

what are the three types of tachycardia?

A

Sinus
Atrial/AV Node
Ventricular

23
Q

How will squatting affect the three types of tachycardia?

A

Sinus: no change
Atrial: slows down
Ventricular: they pass out

24
Q

what are the two most common causes of sinus tachycardia?

A

coffee, fever

25
Q

how many lobes are on the left and right sides of the lungs?

A

2 on right

3 on left

26
Q

what are the two things to inspect visually about the respiratory system?

A

scalene and SCM tension

jugular venous distention

27
Q

what is the main respiratory palpation test performed on the back?

A

percussion, to feel for solid masses in the intercostals

28
Q

what are the two words your patient should say when you listen to their lungs?

A

99

E

29
Q

what are the three breath problems you could hear?

A

wheezing
rhonchi
rales

30
Q

what does wheezing sound like? what does it indicate?

A

whistle

asthma

31
Q

what does rhonchi sound like? what does it indicate?

A

muffled

pneumonia/bronchitis

32
Q

what does rales sound like? what does it indicate?

A

fluid

fluid-pneumonia or right ventricular heart problems

33
Q

what is it called when an embolus ends up in the pulmonary artery? what happens?

A

saddle embolus, sudden death

Physical Exam (11 decks)

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