Class 3 Flashcards
What kind of valve defect has diamond-shaped sound?
stenosis
what are the four types of systolic murmurs?
tricuspid regurgitation
mitral regurgitation
aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis
what are the four types of diastolic murmurs?
aortic insufficiency
pulmonary insufficiency
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis
what are the two diamond-shaped systolic murmurs?
aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis
what are the two pan-systolic murmurs?
mitral regurgitation
tricuspid regurgitation
how do you differentiate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation?
mitral radiates to axilla
tricuspid radiates to left side of back
how do you differentiate aortic and pulmonary stenosis?
aortic radiates to carotid
pulmonary radiates to right side of back
what are the two pan-diastolic murmurs?
aortic insufficiency
pulmonary insufficiency
what are the two diamond shaped diastolic murmurs?
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis
how do you differentiate between mitral and tricuspid stenosis?
person with tricuspid stenosis will have leg swelling
how do you differentiate aortic and pulmonary insufficiency?
aortic insufficiency is the only one that can be diagnosed at the bedside
what are the four symptoms of aortic insufficiency?
head bobbing (De Musset's sign) pulsing fingernails (Quinke's pulse) wide pulse pressure bounding pulse (water hammer pistol shot pulse) (Dr. Corrigan's pulse)
how do you calculate pulse pressure?
systole minus diastole
what are the 7 levels of murmur intensity?
i. trace i-ii. trace-mild ii. mild ii-iii. mild-mod iii. mod iii-iv. mod-severe iv. severe
how many murmur intensity levels can you hear without a stethoscope? Which one(s) are they?
only one… the severe level
how many murmur intensity levels have a palpable thril? Which one(s) are they?
the last three levels!
will squatting change the sound of a stenotic murmur?
no. squatting does not make the calcium buildup go away
what does HOCM stand for?
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
in HOCM, what part of the heart hypertrophies, and what does it block?
the left septum hypertrophies, and it blocks the aortic valve.
what murmur will HOCM sound like?
aortic stenosis
how can you tell the difference between HOCM and aortic stenosis?
if the patient squats, the HOCM murmur will disappear because of valsalva pressure
what are the three types of tachycardia?
Sinus
Atrial/AV Node
Ventricular
How will squatting affect the three types of tachycardia?
Sinus: no change
Atrial: slows down
Ventricular: they pass out
what are the two most common causes of sinus tachycardia?
coffee, fever
how many lobes are on the left and right sides of the lungs?
2 on right
3 on left
what are the two things to inspect visually about the respiratory system?
scalene and SCM tension
jugular venous distention
what is the main respiratory palpation test performed on the back?
percussion, to feel for solid masses in the intercostals
what are the two words your patient should say when you listen to their lungs?
99
E
what are the three breath problems you could hear?
wheezing
rhonchi
rales
what does wheezing sound like? what does it indicate?
whistle
asthma
what does rhonchi sound like? what does it indicate?
muffled
pneumonia/bronchitis
what does rales sound like? what does it indicate?
fluid
fluid-pneumonia or right ventricular heart problems
what is it called when an embolus ends up in the pulmonary artery? what happens?
saddle embolus, sudden death
