Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of valve defect has diamond-shaped sound?

A

stenosis

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2
Q

what are the four types of systolic murmurs?

A

tricuspid regurgitation
mitral regurgitation
aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis

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3
Q

what are the four types of diastolic murmurs?

A

aortic insufficiency
pulmonary insufficiency
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis

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4
Q

what are the two diamond-shaped systolic murmurs?

A

aortic stenosis

pulmonary stenosis

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5
Q

what are the two pan-systolic murmurs?

A

mitral regurgitation

tricuspid regurgitation

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6
Q

how do you differentiate mitral and tricuspid regurgitation?

A

mitral radiates to axilla

tricuspid radiates to left side of back

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7
Q

how do you differentiate aortic and pulmonary stenosis?

A

aortic radiates to carotid

pulmonary radiates to right side of back

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8
Q

what are the two pan-diastolic murmurs?

A

aortic insufficiency

pulmonary insufficiency

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9
Q

what are the two diamond shaped diastolic murmurs?

A

mitral stenosis

tricuspid stenosis

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10
Q

how do you differentiate between mitral and tricuspid stenosis?

A

person with tricuspid stenosis will have leg swelling

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11
Q

how do you differentiate aortic and pulmonary insufficiency?

A

aortic insufficiency is the only one that can be diagnosed at the bedside

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12
Q

what are the four symptoms of aortic insufficiency?

A
head bobbing (De Musset's sign)
pulsing fingernails (Quinke's pulse)
wide pulse pressure
bounding pulse (water hammer pistol shot pulse) (Dr. Corrigan's pulse)
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13
Q

how do you calculate pulse pressure?

A

systole minus diastole

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14
Q

what are the 7 levels of murmur intensity?

A
i. trace
i-ii. trace-mild
ii. mild
ii-iii. mild-mod
iii. mod
iii-iv. mod-severe
iv. severe
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15
Q

how many murmur intensity levels can you hear without a stethoscope? Which one(s) are they?

A

only one… the severe level

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16
Q

how many murmur intensity levels have a palpable thril? Which one(s) are they?

A

the last three levels!

17
Q

will squatting change the sound of a stenotic murmur?

A

no. squatting does not make the calcium buildup go away

18
Q

what does HOCM stand for?

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

19
Q

in HOCM, what part of the heart hypertrophies, and what does it block?

A

the left septum hypertrophies, and it blocks the aortic valve.

20
Q

what murmur will HOCM sound like?

A

aortic stenosis

21
Q

how can you tell the difference between HOCM and aortic stenosis?

A

if the patient squats, the HOCM murmur will disappear because of valsalva pressure

22
Q

what are the three types of tachycardia?

A

Sinus
Atrial/AV Node
Ventricular

23
Q

How will squatting affect the three types of tachycardia?

A

Sinus: no change
Atrial: slows down
Ventricular: they pass out

24
Q

what are the two most common causes of sinus tachycardia?

A

coffee, fever

25
how many lobes are on the left and right sides of the lungs?
2 on right | 3 on left
26
what are the two things to inspect visually about the respiratory system?
scalene and SCM tension | jugular venous distention
27
what is the main respiratory palpation test performed on the back?
percussion, to feel for solid masses in the intercostals
28
what are the two words your patient should say when you listen to their lungs?
99 | E
29
what are the three breath problems you could hear?
wheezing rhonchi rales
30
what does wheezing sound like? what does it indicate?
whistle | asthma
31
what does rhonchi sound like? what does it indicate?
muffled | pneumonia/bronchitis
32
what does rales sound like? what does it indicate?
fluid | fluid-pneumonia or right ventricular heart problems
33
what is it called when an embolus ends up in the pulmonary artery? what happens?
saddle embolus, sudden death