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Pathophysiology I > Class 6-7 - Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Class 6-7 - Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Define reservoir of infectious disease

A

natural habitat of organism

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2
Q

Define source of infectious disease

A

site of infection/transmission of disease

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3
Q

Define carrier of infectious disease

A

organism that harbors pathogen without showing signs of symptoms

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4
Q

When can a carrier state of infectious disease occur?

A
  • during incubation period
  • during convalescence period
  • chronic carrier in sub-clinical forms
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5
Q

Define vector of infectious disease

A

animate source that aids in transmission of infectious disease

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6
Q

Define host of infectious disease

A

human or other mammal who has been transmitted and harbors infectious agent

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7
Q

Biological transmission of infectious disease requires participation of _________

A

a vector

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8
Q

Direct transmission of infectious disease requires ________. List examples of direct transmission

A

direct contact

sex, touching contaminated hands, medical instruments, droplets from sneeze/cough

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9
Q

Transmission of disease from mother to child via placenta or breastmilk is called _________

A

vertical transmission

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10
Q

Primary infection is established in _________

A

a previously healthy individual

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11
Q

Secondary infection is established in __________

A

an individual already weakened by preceding primary infection

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12
Q

Septicemia is ________

A

systemic spread of either bacteria or virus

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13
Q

Toxemia is ________

A

presence of toxin in blood

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14
Q

Zoonosis is __________

A

an infectious disease of animals

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15
Q

Anthroponosis is ________

A

an infectious disease only transmissible among humans

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16
Q

Define biological transmission of infectious disease

A

transmission of disease via a vector where the vector participates in a biological cycle of an infectious agent

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17
Q

List examples of vertical transmission of infectious disease

A

transmission via placenta, via breast milk

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18
Q

Define prodromal stage of disease

A

the period of disease from onset of nonspecific symptoms (e.g. fever, malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms

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19
Q

Mumps is caused by _______. Most typical presentation is _______. Other presentations include _______

A

mumps virus

painful swelling of salivary glands

orchitis and pancreatitis

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20
Q

Complications of mumps include ________

A

infertility in post-pubertal men

21
Q

Mumps is transmitted through _________

A

contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person

22
Q

Measles is also known as _______. It is caused by _______ and is transmitted through _________

A

rubeola

rubeola virus

the air

23
Q

Describe pathogenesis of measles

A

infection occurs in the eyes, upper respiratory tract, then spreads to regional lymph nodes
upon replication, virus is spread via blood to brain, lungs, skin

24
Q

Measles presents as _________

A

initial headache, photophobia, barking cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, later generalized skin rash

25
Q

Specific sign of measles is _______

A

Koplik’s spots on buccal mucosa

26
Q

Complications of measles include _________

A

meningitis, pneumonia, sub-acute pan-encephalitis many years after initial infection

27
Q

Rubella is also known as ______. It is caused by _____ and is transmitted through ________

A

German measles
rubella virus
the air

28
Q

Describe pathogenesis of rubella

A

Inhaled virus replicated in regional lymph nodes of upper respiratory tract, then enters blood stream. Circulating virus reacts w/ antibodies to form immune complexes that lodge w/in skin causing generalized rash and joint pain

29
Q

Major complications of rubella include _______

A

fetal malformations during first trimester of pregnancy (Congenital Rubella Syndrome)

30
Q

Chickenpox is caused by ________. It is transmitted through _________

A

varicella-zoster virus

droplets or skin contact

31
Q

Describe pathogenesis of chickenpox

A

The virus infects regional lymph nodes and enters bloodstream where it is delivered to skin, causing spreading and itchy rashesin multiple stages of development. The rash spreads in a centripetal mode

32
Q

Shingles is _________. Describe its pathogenesis

A

a reactivation of latent chickenpox virus

reactivated virus reach the skin by axonal transport via spinal nerves

33
Q

Shingles presents with _________

A

neuropathic pain of burning character, dermatomal rash

34
Q

Diptheria is caused by __________. It is transmitted through ___________

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

respiratory secretions or direct contact with infected patient

35
Q

Describe pathogenesis of diptheria

A

Bacteria infects upper respiratory tract, causing suffocating thick membrane formation. Bacteria releases toxin into blood stream causing fever, fatigue, muscle paralysis, HT/KD failre

36
Q

Pertussis is also known as ________. It is caused by _________. It is transmitted through __________

A

whooping cough

bordetella pertussis, a bacterium

respiratory secretions

37
Q

Pertussis presents with __________

A

violent episodic spasms while coughing, possible vomiting, severe hypoxia, seizures

38
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by _______. It is transmitted through ______

A

toxins from staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenous

broken skin, unhygienic use of tampons

39
Q

Clinical presentations of TSS include _______

A

diffuse rash, high fever, low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, stupor, coma, multiple organ failure
desquamation of skin, especially palms and soles

40
Q

Influenza is caused by _______. It is transmitted through ________

A

influenza virus

respiratory secretions

41
Q

Influenza presentations include ___________

A

fever, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, muscle/body aches, headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea

42
Q

Complications of influenza include _________

A

pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions

43
Q

Lyme disease is caused by _________. It is transmitted through ___________

A

spirochete bacterium (borrelia burgdorferi)

bite of the tick

44
Q

The injury from Lyme disease infection is caused by ________

A

immune reaction to the pathogen

45
Q

Describe the stages of Lyme disease

A

I - bulls-eye rash at site of bite, fever, malaise, headache, arthralgia, lymphodenopathy at site of bite

II - arrythmia, photphobia, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, heart failure

III - chronic arthritis, impairment of nervous system

46
Q

Scarlet fever is a term used for ______ with a rash

It is caused by ________

A

strep throat

streptococcal bacteria

47
Q

Scarlet fever initially presents with _______

The most noticeable symptom of scarlet fever is ______

A

fever of 101F or higher, sore throat w/ difficulty swallowing, white or yellow spots on pharynx walls and tonsils, swollen lymph nodes in the neck

a rough, red rash that feels like fine sandpaper

48
Q

Type of Hepatitis infection characterized by sudden aversion to tobacco during prodromal stage _______

A

Hep A

Pathophysiology I (11 decks)

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