Class 6-7 - Infectious Diseases Flashcards
Define reservoir of infectious disease
natural habitat of organism
Define source of infectious disease
site of infection/transmission of disease
Define carrier of infectious disease
organism that harbors pathogen without showing signs of symptoms
When can a carrier state of infectious disease occur?
- during incubation period
- during convalescence period
- chronic carrier in sub-clinical forms
Define vector of infectious disease
animate source that aids in transmission of infectious disease
Define host of infectious disease
human or other mammal who has been transmitted and harbors infectious agent
Biological transmission of infectious disease requires participation of _________
a vector
Direct transmission of infectious disease requires ________. List examples of direct transmission
direct contact
sex, touching contaminated hands, medical instruments, droplets from sneeze/cough
Transmission of disease from mother to child via placenta or breastmilk is called _________
vertical transmission
Primary infection is established in _________
a previously healthy individual
Secondary infection is established in __________
an individual already weakened by preceding primary infection
Septicemia is ________
systemic spread of either bacteria or virus
Toxemia is ________
presence of toxin in blood
Zoonosis is __________
an infectious disease of animals
Anthroponosis is ________
an infectious disease only transmissible among humans
Define biological transmission of infectious disease
transmission of disease via a vector where the vector participates in a biological cycle of an infectious agent
List examples of vertical transmission of infectious disease
transmission via placenta, via breast milk
Define prodromal stage of disease
the period of disease from onset of nonspecific symptoms (e.g. fever, malaise, fatigue) to more specific symptoms
Mumps is caused by _______. Most typical presentation is _______. Other presentations include _______
mumps virus
painful swelling of salivary glands
orchitis and pancreatitis
Complications of mumps include ________
infertility in post-pubertal men
Mumps is transmitted through _________
contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person
Measles is also known as _______. It is caused by _______ and is transmitted through _________
rubeola
rubeola virus
the air
Describe pathogenesis of measles
infection occurs in the eyes, upper respiratory tract, then spreads to regional lymph nodes
upon replication, virus is spread via blood to brain, lungs, skin
Measles presents as _________
initial headache, photophobia, barking cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, later generalized skin rash
Specific sign of measles is _______
Koplik’s spots on buccal mucosa
Complications of measles include _________
meningitis, pneumonia, sub-acute pan-encephalitis many years after initial infection
Rubella is also known as ______. It is caused by _____ and is transmitted through ________
German measles
rubella virus
the air
Describe pathogenesis of rubella
Inhaled virus replicated in regional lymph nodes of upper respiratory tract, then enters blood stream. Circulating virus reacts w/ antibodies to form immune complexes that lodge w/in skin causing generalized rash and joint pain
Major complications of rubella include _______
fetal malformations during first trimester of pregnancy (Congenital Rubella Syndrome)
Chickenpox is caused by ________. It is transmitted through _________
varicella-zoster virus
droplets or skin contact
Describe pathogenesis of chickenpox
The virus infects regional lymph nodes and enters bloodstream where it is delivered to skin, causing spreading and itchy rashesin multiple stages of development. The rash spreads in a centripetal mode
Shingles is _________. Describe its pathogenesis
a reactivation of latent chickenpox virus
reactivated virus reach the skin by axonal transport via spinal nerves
Shingles presents with _________
neuropathic pain of burning character, dermatomal rash
Diptheria is caused by __________. It is transmitted through ___________
corynebacterium diptheriae
respiratory secretions or direct contact with infected patient
Describe pathogenesis of diptheria
Bacteria infects upper respiratory tract, causing suffocating thick membrane formation. Bacteria releases toxin into blood stream causing fever, fatigue, muscle paralysis, HT/KD failre
Pertussis is also known as ________. It is caused by _________. It is transmitted through __________
whooping cough
bordetella pertussis, a bacterium
respiratory secretions
Pertussis presents with __________
violent episodic spasms while coughing, possible vomiting, severe hypoxia, seizures
Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by _______. It is transmitted through ______
toxins from staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenous
broken skin, unhygienic use of tampons
Clinical presentations of TSS include _______
diffuse rash, high fever, low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, stupor, coma, multiple organ failure
desquamation of skin, especially palms and soles
Influenza is caused by _______. It is transmitted through ________
influenza virus
respiratory secretions
Influenza presentations include ___________
fever, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, muscle/body aches, headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea
Complications of influenza include _________
pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions
Lyme disease is caused by _________. It is transmitted through ___________
spirochete bacterium (borrelia burgdorferi)
bite of the tick
The injury from Lyme disease infection is caused by ________
immune reaction to the pathogen
Describe the stages of Lyme disease
I - bulls-eye rash at site of bite, fever, malaise, headache, arthralgia, lymphodenopathy at site of bite
II - arrythmia, photphobia, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, heart failure
III - chronic arthritis, impairment of nervous system
Scarlet fever is a term used for ______ with a rash
It is caused by ________
strep throat
streptococcal bacteria
Scarlet fever initially presents with _______
The most noticeable symptom of scarlet fever is ______
fever of 101F or higher, sore throat w/ difficulty swallowing, white or yellow spots on pharynx walls and tonsils, swollen lymph nodes in the neck
a rough, red rash that feels like fine sandpaper
Type of Hepatitis infection characterized by sudden aversion to tobacco during prodromal stage _______
Hep A
