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Pathophysiology I > Class 3-4 - Neoplasia > Flashcards

Class 3-4 - Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Define neoplasia

A

uncontrolled, disorderly cellular proliferation within human organism

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2
Q

Compare and contrast benign and malignant neoplasia

A

Benign - greater differentiation/more mature cells, no metastasis, slow growth, fibrotic capsule formation
Malignant - immature/less differentiated cells, fast growth, capable of metastasis

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3
Q

Tumors of mesenchymal origin are of what tissue?

A

connective tissue and muscle

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4
Q

Benign tumor of adipose tissue is called ________

Malignant tumor of adipose tissue is called _________

A

lipoma

liposarcoma

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5
Q

Neoplastic smooth muscle tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)

A

leiomyoma

leiomyosarcoma

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6
Q

Define anaplasia and describe anaplastic cells

A

Loss of differentiation in a neoplastic cell

Anaplastic cells are generally irregular in: size and shape, nucleus size and shape, mitotic division, chromosome number

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7
Q

Neoplastic skeletal muscle tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)

A

rhabdomyoma

rhabdomyosarcoma

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8
Q

Neoplastic bone tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)

A

osteoma

osteosarcoma

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9
Q

Neoplastic cartilage tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)

A

chondroma

chondrosarcoma

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10
Q

Neoplastic connective tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)

A

fibroma

fibrosarcoma/ leukemia/ lymphoma

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11
Q

Anaplastic epithelial tissue are generally called _______

A

carcinoma

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12
Q

Examples of benign epithelial tumors are ________

A

adenoma, papilloma

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13
Q

Examples of malignant epithelial tumors are ________

A

adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma

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14
Q

Excessive growth of normal cells within their usual location is called _________

A

hamartoma

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15
Q

Excessive growth of normal cells within unusual locations is called _________

A

choristoma

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16
Q

All lymphomas are malignant (T/F)

A

T

17
Q

The occurence and degree of malignancy is determined by __________

A

degree of cell differentiation

18
Q

Grading of tumor cells determines __________

A

origin of tumor cells

degree of maturation/malignancy

19
Q

Staging of malignancy is determined by the degree of _-

A

its spread/localization

20
Q

Benzene is linked to what type(s) of cancer(s)?

A

leukemia

21
Q

Nitrites are linked to what type(s) of cancer(s)?

A

esophageal, gastric

22
Q

Heavy metals are linked to what type(s) of cancer(s)?

A

skin, lung

23
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome is __________

A

a complication of cancer in which the primary cancer causes biochemical changes in other parts of the body, often via secretion of hormones

24
Q

Which type of lung cancer is most known as producing paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

Oat Cell Lung Carcinoma (Small cell carcinoma)

25
Q

Oncogenes are ________

A

genes that code for neoplastic cell proliferation

26
Q

List pathomechanisms of oncogenesis

A 
point mutation
amplification
translocation
deletion of gene-supressor
over-expression
27
Q

Cachexia is __________

A

a systemic sign of cancer involving wasting of body fat and skeletal muscle due to chronic illness

28
Q

Grading of a tumor is done by __________

A

analyzing tumor markers and comparing to markers on normal cells

29
Q

The most common cancers in males are _______

A

Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
colorectal cancer

30
Q

The most common cancers in females are _________

A

Breast cancer
Lung cancer
colorectal cacner

31
Q

The most lethal cancers are ________

A

lung cancer
colorectal cancer
breast cancer
prostate cancer

32
Q

necrosis vs apoptosis

A

necrosis- damaged tissue/trauma, spills out into tissue, many cells at once

apoptosis- programmed, phagocytosis, individual cells *requires ATP

33
Q

necrosis types

A

coagulative - tissue hypoxia, infarction (KD, gangrene)*also acute
liquefactive - pus: bacteria netrophils (brain)
casseous - combo: coag + liquid = cheese (TB)

34
Q

Thyroid cancer is most common in what general demographic?

A

Females

35
Q

Philadelphia Syndrome is associated with what type of cancer?

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

Pathophysiology I (11 decks)

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