Class 3-4 - Neoplasia Flashcards
Define neoplasia
uncontrolled, disorderly cellular proliferation within human organism
Compare and contrast benign and malignant neoplasia
Benign - greater differentiation/more mature cells, no metastasis, slow growth, fibrotic capsule formation
Malignant - immature/less differentiated cells, fast growth, capable of metastasis
Tumors of mesenchymal origin are of what tissue?
connective tissue and muscle
Benign tumor of adipose tissue is called ________
Malignant tumor of adipose tissue is called _________
lipoma
liposarcoma
Neoplastic smooth muscle tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)
leiomyoma
leiomyosarcoma
Define anaplasia and describe anaplastic cells
Loss of differentiation in a neoplastic cell
Anaplastic cells are generally irregular in: size and shape, nucleus size and shape, mitotic division, chromosome number
Neoplastic skeletal muscle tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)
rhabdomyoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
Neoplastic bone tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)
osteoma
osteosarcoma
Neoplastic cartilage tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)
chondroma
chondrosarcoma
Neoplastic connective tissue is called ______ (benign) or _______ (malignant)
fibroma
fibrosarcoma/ leukemia/ lymphoma
Anaplastic epithelial tissue are generally called _______
carcinoma
Examples of benign epithelial tumors are ________
adenoma, papilloma
Examples of malignant epithelial tumors are ________
adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma
Excessive growth of normal cells within their usual location is called _________
hamartoma
Excessive growth of normal cells within unusual locations is called _________
choristoma
All lymphomas are malignant (T/F)
T
The occurence and degree of malignancy is determined by __________
degree of cell differentiation
Grading of tumor cells determines __________
origin of tumor cells
degree of maturation/malignancy
Staging of malignancy is determined by the degree of _-
its spread/localization
Benzene is linked to what type(s) of cancer(s)?
leukemia
Nitrites are linked to what type(s) of cancer(s)?
esophageal, gastric
Heavy metals are linked to what type(s) of cancer(s)?
skin, lung
Paraneoplastic syndrome is __________
a complication of cancer in which the primary cancer causes biochemical changes in other parts of the body, often via secretion of hormones
Which type of lung cancer is most known as producing paraneoplastic syndrome?
Oat Cell Lung Carcinoma (Small cell carcinoma)
Oncogenes are ________
genes that code for neoplastic cell proliferation
List pathomechanisms of oncogenesis
point mutation amplification translocation deletion of gene-supressor over-expression
Cachexia is __________
a systemic sign of cancer involving wasting of body fat and skeletal muscle due to chronic illness
Grading of a tumor is done by __________
analyzing tumor markers and comparing to markers on normal cells
The most common cancers in males are _______
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
colorectal cancer
The most common cancers in females are _________
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
colorectal cacner
The most lethal cancers are ________
lung cancer
colorectal cancer
breast cancer
prostate cancer
necrosis vs apoptosis
necrosis- damaged tissue/trauma, spills out into tissue, many cells at once
apoptosis- programmed, phagocytosis, individual cells *requires ATP
necrosis types
coagulative - tissue hypoxia, infarction (KD, gangrene)*also acute
liquefactive - pus: bacteria netrophils (brain)
casseous - combo: coag + liquid = cheese (TB)
Thyroid cancer is most common in what general demographic?
Females
Philadelphia Syndrome is associated with what type of cancer?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22
