Class 1 - Review

Question 1

The body maintains homeostasis by influencing which organ system(s)?

Answer 1

nervous

endocrine

Question 2

The components of a feedback loop are ________

Answer 2

receptor
control center
effector

Question 3

In a negative feedback loop, the original stimulus is ______

Answer 3

reversed

Question 4

In a positive feedback loop, the original stimulus is _______ and requires an additional ________

Answer 4

intensified

control mechanism

Question 5

The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane consists of _________

Answer 5

phospholipids, cholesterol, integral proteins, glycolipids, peripheral proteins

Question 6

List functions of membrane proteins

Answer 6

• Formation of channel
• transporter protein
• receptor protein
• cell identity marker
• linker
• act as enzyme

Question 7

Fluidity of the cell membrane is reduced by presence of ________

Answer 7

cholesterol

Question 8

List types of transport across plasma membrane

Answer 8

mediated transport
non-mediated transport
active transport
passive transport
vesicular transport

Question 9

Osmosis is _______

Answer 9

the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration OR from a low concentrated solution into a higher solution, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane

*water will follow salt

Question 10

In a ____ solution, higher concentration of water outside of the cell results in hemolysis

Answer 10

Hypotonic

hemolysis - explosion

Question 11

In a ____ solution, lower concentration of water outside of the cell results in _____

Answer 11

Hypertonic

crenation (shrink)

Question 12

List modes of passive transport across cell membrane

Answer 12

diffusion through lipid bilayer
diffusion through membrane channel
facilitated diffusion

Question 13

40% of ATP in a cell is used for ________

Answer 13

primary active transport

Question 14

Secondary active transport is ______

Answer 14

a type of active transport where a transporter protein couples the movement of an ion (typically Na+ or H+) down its electrochemical gradient to the uphill movement of another molecule or ion against a concentration/electrochemical gradient

Question 15

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 15

a mode of endocytosis in which small particles, primarily extracellular fluids, are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles

Question 16

Cells that are active in exocytosis would likely contain many ______ (organelle)

Answer 16

Golgi bodies

Question 17

Transport proteins w/in the cell membrane are required to transport a substance across a membrane via ______

Answer 17

facilitated diffusion

Question 18

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments forming the _______ for the cell. The 3 types of filaments are _______

Answer 18

structural framework

microvilli
intermediate filaments
microtubules

Question 19

Cilia and flagella are composed of _______

Answer 19

microtubules

Question 20

Ribosomes are sites of ________. Where are they located in the cell?

Answer 20

protein synthesis

cytosol, attached to nuclear membrane and RER, mitochondriae

Question 21

Endoplasmic Reticulum are involved in _______ throughout the cell

Answer 21

synthesizes proteins and pre-packages proteins for maturation in golgi aparatus (where proteins mature and get transported/embedded out of cell)

Question 22

The Golgi Complex functions to ________

Answer 22

modify, sort, and package proteins for distribution

Question 23

Lysosomes contain ________

Answer 23

powerful digestive enzymes and hydrolytic enzymes

can destroy own cells

Question 24

Peroxisomes contain _________. These organelles control function of _________

Answer 24

enzyme hydrogen peroxide

free radicals by stabilizing their outer shells again

Question 25

Genome is ________

Answer 25

the total genetic information for an organism

Question 26

The four types of tissues in the human body are ______

Answer 26

epithelial - covers body’s surface
connective/mesenchymal origin - bet other tissues incl. NS, meninges that cover brain, spinal cord (BV)
muscle - smooth, skeletal, cardiac
nervous - CNS, PNS

Question 27

Where are epithelial tissues found in the human body?

Answer 27

outer surface, lining of internal closed cavities (e.g. blood vessels), body tubes (GI, respiratory), secretory portion of glands, receptors for special senses

Question 28

Epithelial tissue is avascular (T/F)

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Where is connective tissue found in the human body?

Answer 29

capsules surrounding body organs, bone, adipose tissue, cartilage, blood cells

Question 30

Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle can undergo mitotic(cell division) activity to replace injured cells (T/F)

Answer 30

F

Question 31

Nervous tissue consists of two cells types:______ and ______

Answer 31

neurons

glial cells