Class 1 - Review Flashcards
The body maintains homeostasis by influencing which organ system(s)?
nervous
endocrine
The components of a feedback loop are ________
receptor
control center
effector
In a negative feedback loop, the original stimulus is ______
reversed
In a positive feedback loop, the original stimulus is _______ and requires an additional ________
intensified
control mechanism
The lipid bilayer of the cell membrane consists of _________
phospholipids, cholesterol, integral proteins, glycolipids, peripheral proteins
List functions of membrane proteins
- Formation of channel
- transporter protein
- receptor protein
- cell identity marker
- linker
- act as enzyme
Fluidity of the cell membrane is reduced by presence of ________
cholesterol
List types of transport across plasma membrane
mediated transport non-mediated transport active transport passive transport vesicular transport
Osmosis is _______
the net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration OR from a low concentrated solution into a higher solution, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane
*water will follow salt
In a ____ solution, higher concentration of water outside of the cell results in hemolysis
Hypotonic
hemolysis - explosion
In a ____ solution, lower concentration of water outside of the cell results in _____
Hypertonic
crenation (shrink)
List modes of passive transport across cell membrane
diffusion through lipid bilayer
diffusion through membrane channel
facilitated diffusion
40% of ATP in a cell is used for ________
primary active transport
Secondary active transport is ______
a type of active transport where a transporter protein couples the movement of an ion (typically Na+ or H+) down its electrochemical gradient to the uphill movement of another molecule or ion against a concentration/electrochemical gradient
What is pinocytosis?
a mode of endocytosis in which small particles, primarily extracellular fluids, are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles
Cells that are active in exocytosis would likely contain many ______ (organelle)
Golgi bodies
Transport proteins w/in the cell membrane are required to transport a substance across a membrane via ______
facilitated diffusion
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments forming the _______ for the cell. The 3 types of filaments are _______
structural framework
microvilli
intermediate filaments
microtubules
Cilia and flagella are composed of _______
microtubules
Ribosomes are sites of ________. Where are they located in the cell?
protein synthesis
cytosol, attached to nuclear membrane and RER, mitochondriae
Endoplasmic Reticulum are involved in _______ throughout the cell
synthesizes proteins and pre-packages proteins for maturation in golgi aparatus (where proteins mature and get transported/embedded out of cell)
The Golgi Complex functions to ________
modify, sort, and package proteins for distribution
Lysosomes contain ________
powerful digestive enzymes and hydrolytic enzymes
can destroy own cells
Peroxisomes contain _________. These organelles control function of _________
enzyme hydrogen peroxide
free radicals by stabilizing their outer shells again
Genome is ________
the total genetic information for an organism
The four types of tissues in the human body are ______
epithelial - covers body’s surface
connective/mesenchymal origin - bet other tissues incl. NS, meninges that cover brain, spinal cord (BV)
muscle - smooth, skeletal, cardiac
nervous - CNS, PNS
Where are epithelial tissues found in the human body?
outer surface, lining of internal closed cavities (e.g. blood vessels), body tubes (GI, respiratory), secretory portion of glands, receptors for special senses
Epithelial tissue is avascular (T/F)
T
Where is connective tissue found in the human body?
capsules surrounding body organs, bone, adipose tissue, cartilage, blood cells
Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle can undergo mitotic(cell division) activity to replace injured cells (T/F)
F
Nervous tissue consists of two cells types:______ and ______
neurons
glial cells
