Class 2: PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS Flashcards

1
Q

asepsis

A

the process for keeping away disease producing microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

medical asepsis

A

procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

microorganisms

A

can only be seen with a microscope and are typically a single cell. Includes bacteria, protozoans, certain types of algae, and fungi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

contamination

A

the presence of an infectious agent on the body or in objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

portal of exit

A

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

portal of entry

A

the site through which microorganisms enter the susceptible host and cause disease or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

universal precauations

A

steps taken to prevent the spread of disease through blood and other body fluids when providing first aid of health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

communicable disease

A

infectious and contagious, an infection that can be transmitted from one person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chain of infection

A

goes in a circle of:

infectious agent-reservoir-portal of exit-mode of transmission-portal of entry-host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

resident organisms

A

permanent residents of the skin, they survive and multiply without causing harm. they are not easily removed with hand washing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reservoir

A

place where pathogens can survive but may or may not multiply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

carrier

A

animals or people who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their body that can be transferred to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aerobic bacteria

A

require oxygen to survive and to multiply sufficiently to cause disease. they cause more infection then anaerobic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anaerobic bacteria

A

organisms that only survive in the absence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

facts about microorganisms

A
  • require nourishment
  • some require oxygen and live off of no oxygen
  • most require water
  • ideal temperature is 35-37 degrees
  • pH preferred is 5-8
  • thrive in dark places
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

immune response

A

a protective reaction that neutralizes pathogens and repairs body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

superinfection

A

develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of microorganisms, not just those carrying the infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

exudates

A

fluids and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels (pus).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

edema

A

accumulated fluid that appears as local swelling

20
Q

leukocytosis

A

an increase in WBC’s

21
Q

serous

A

clear, watery plasma

22
Q

sanguineous

A

bloody drainage

23
Q

serosanguineous

A

thin watery, drainage that is blood tinged

24
Q

purulent

A

thick drainage that contains pus

25
exogenous infection
arises from microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora
26
endogenous infection
occur when a patients flora has been altered and overgrowth
27
disinfection
the elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores
28
sterilization
destruction of all microorganisms including spores
29
surgical asepsis
the elimination of all microorganisms
30
ways to reduce the number of skin microorganisms
- hand washing - using barrier techniques - protecting objects in the environment from contamination, or disinfecting them ASAP
31
environmental consideration
- use of disinfectants - clean up biohazard waste and dispose of contaminated equipment - proper sharps disposal - terminal disinfection
32
fomite
a surface that can harbour pathogens
33
5 movements of hygiene
1. before touching a patient 2. before a procedure 3. after a procedure 4. after touching a patient 5. after touching a patients environment
34
vector
a disease transmitted by insects
35
Nosocomial Infections facts
-every year 8,000-12,000 Canadians die from them
36
Common nosocomial infections
genitourinary respiratory surgical site gastrointestinal
37
exogenous
getting a pathogen from an outside source
38
endogenous
getting a pathogen from within the body
39
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. bacteria found in the nose or skin. most people are unaware the have it. -symptoms: boils, skin infections, pneumonia (through coughing) -usually spread through hand, not usually spread through the air. sharing personal items -the people who are long term or excessive users of antibiotics are the most at risk. -treatment involves hygiene, isolation sometimes depending on the severity, certain types of antibiotics, drain wounds -there is no vaccine to prevent you from it.
40
contact precautions
-intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents that are spread by contact with the patient or the patients environment
41
cleaning
removal of foreign matter. usually water and mechanical action with or without detergents
42
pathogen
a microorganisms that enters a living thing and causes disease
43
C. diff.
- bacteria that live in the bowel of up to 7% of people without causing illness. - not killed by common antibiotics, and will continue to grow - produces toxins that can damage to the cells in the intestine - people at risk are those taking antibiotics, undergoing cancer chemotherapy, have other illnesses and the elderly - sometimes no symptoms but they can include watery diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain - through touch and touching surfaces. - prevention is good handwashing
44
VRE
- Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci - spread by direct contact - healthy people at low risk - you are at risk if you have been treated with frequent doses of vancomycin before, or if you have stayed for a long time in a hospital where there have been previous VRE cases - if you have VRE and you are healthy you do not need treatment - treatment for VRE is dependent on the case to determine
45
CPO
- Carbapenemase-producing Organisms - found in the gut - spread through direct contact - at risk if you have long term antibiotic use - if you get cpo doctors will give you special antibiotics to treat it