Class 2: PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS

Question 1

asepsis

Answer 1

the process for keeping away disease producing microorganisms

Question 2

medical asepsis

Answer 2

procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms

Question 3

microorganisms

Answer 3

can only be seen with a microscope and are typically a single cell. Includes bacteria, protozoans, certain types of algae, and fungi.

Question 4

contamination

Answer 4

the presence of an infectious agent on the body or in objects

Question 5

portal of exit

Answer 5

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave

Question 6

portal of entry

Answer 6

the site through which microorganisms enter the susceptible host and cause disease or infection

Question 7

universal precauations

Answer 7

steps taken to prevent the spread of disease through blood and other body fluids when providing first aid of health care

Question 8

communicable disease

Answer 8

infectious and contagious, an infection that can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 9

chain of infection

Answer 9

goes in a circle of:

infectious agent-reservoir-portal of exit-mode of transmission-portal of entry-host.

Question 10

resident organisms

Answer 10

permanent residents of the skin, they survive and multiply without causing harm. they are not easily removed with hand washing

Question 11

reservoir

Answer 11

place where pathogens can survive but may or may not multiply

Question 12

carrier

Answer 12

animals or people who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their body that can be transferred to others

Question 13

aerobic bacteria

Answer 13

require oxygen to survive and to multiply sufficiently to cause disease. they cause more infection then anaerobic organisms

Question 14

anaerobic bacteria

Answer 14

organisms that only survive in the absence of oxygen

Question 15

facts about microorganisms

Answer 15

• require nourishment
• some require oxygen and live off of no oxygen
• most require water
• ideal temperature is 35-37 degrees
• pH preferred is 5-8
• thrive in dark places

Question 16

immune response

Answer 16

a protective reaction that neutralizes pathogens and repairs body cells

Question 17

superinfection

Answer 17

develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of microorganisms, not just those carrying the infection

Question 18

exudates

Answer 18

fluids and cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels (pus).

Question 19

edema

Answer 19

accumulated fluid that appears as local swelling

Question 20

leukocytosis

Answer 20

an increase in WBC’s

Question 21

serous

Answer 21

clear, watery plasma

Question 22

sanguineous

Answer 22

bloody drainage

Question 23

serosanguineous

Answer 23

thin watery, drainage that is blood tinged

Question 24

purulent

Answer 24

thick drainage that contains pus

Question 25

exogenous infection

Answer 25

arises from microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora

Question 26

endogenous infection

Answer 26

occur when a patients flora has been altered and overgrowth

Question 27

disinfection

Answer 27

the elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores

Question 28

sterilization

Answer 28

destruction of all microorganisms including spores

Question 29

surgical asepsis

Answer 29

the elimination of all microorganisms

Question 30

ways to reduce the number of skin microorganisms

Answer 30

• hand washing
• using barrier techniques
• protecting objects in the environment from contamination, or disinfecting them ASAP

Question 31

environmental consideration

Answer 31

• use of disinfectants
• clean up biohazard waste and dispose of contaminated equipment
• proper sharps disposal
• terminal disinfection

Question 32

fomite

Answer 32

a surface that can harbour pathogens

Question 33

5 movements of hygiene

Answer 33

1. before touching a patient
2. before a procedure
3. after a procedure
4. after touching a patient
5. after touching a patients environment

Question 34

vector

Answer 34

a disease transmitted by insects

Question 35

Nosocomial Infections facts

Answer 35

-every year 8,000-12,000 Canadians die from them

Question 36

Common nosocomial infections

Answer 36

genitourinary
respiratory
surgical site
gastrointestinal

Question 37

exogenous

Answer 37

getting a pathogen from an outside source

Question 38

endogenous

Answer 38

getting a pathogen from within the body

Question 39

MRSA

Answer 39

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.
bacteria found in the nose or skin. most people are unaware the have it.
-symptoms: boils, skin infections, pneumonia (through coughing)
-usually spread through hand, not usually spread through the air. sharing personal items
-the people who are long term or excessive users of antibiotics are the most at risk.
-treatment involves hygiene, isolation sometimes depending on the severity, certain types of antibiotics, drain wounds
-there is no vaccine to prevent you from it.

Question 40

contact precautions

Answer 40

-intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents that are spread by contact with the patient or the patients environment

Question 41

cleaning

Answer 41

removal of foreign matter. usually water and mechanical action with or without detergents

Question 42

pathogen

Answer 42

a microorganisms that enters a living thing and causes disease

Question 43

C. diff.

Answer 43

• bacteria that live in the bowel of up to 7% of people without causing illness.
• not killed by common antibiotics, and will continue to grow
• produces toxins that can damage to the cells in the intestine
• people at risk are those taking antibiotics, undergoing cancer chemotherapy, have other illnesses and the elderly
• sometimes no symptoms but they can include watery diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain
• through touch and touching surfaces.
• prevention is good handwashing

Question 44

VRE

Answer 44

• Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
• spread by direct contact
• healthy people at low risk
• you are at risk if you have been treated with frequent doses of vancomycin before, or if you have stayed for a long time in a hospital where there have been previous VRE cases
• if you have VRE and you are healthy you do not need treatment
• treatment for VRE is dependent on the case to determine

Question 45

CPO

Answer 45

• Carbapenemase-producing Organisms
• found in the gut
• spread through direct contact
• at risk if you have long term antibiotic use
• if you get cpo doctors will give you special antibiotics to treat it