Class 12: Assisting with Nutrition Flashcards
sodium controlled diet
use substitutes (MRS DASH because it is potassium based)
diabetic diet
glucose control
clear fluids
palliative, pre surgery
full fluids
soup, no bits. thicker fluid. people who have troubles swallowing and that are at a risk for choking.
restricted fluids
edema patient
soft
pudding, apple sauce
bland
banana, bread, rice, potato
calorie restricted or added
for weight loss or weight gain
who might need help with eating?
- arm mobility/ hand mobility patients
- parkinsons
- dementia
- MS
- stroke victims
- post-op patients
- vision impairment
- dysphagia
dysphasia
speech impairment
dysphagia
gastric/swallowing impairment
speech-language pathologist
assesses for swallowing difficulties
occupational therapy
equipment such as special plates and cutlery
dietician
special dietary needs relating to illness or condition
physiotherapist
physical needs and posture
the normal swallow
- getting food from plate to mouth
- oral phase: managing food in mouth
- pharyngeal phase: moving food into throat past airway
- esophageal phase: food enters esophagus to stomach
airways always open until swallow initiated
normal swallow is completed within 1-1 1/2 sec
successful swallowing requirements
- blocking off nasal passages
- closing entrance to larynx
- opening cardiac sphincter (to esophagus)
- propelling bolus from oral cavity to stomach
dysphagia
swallowing disorder
-need to be assessed by a registered dietician and speech/ language pathologist
warning signs of dysphagia
pocketing food, coughing
risk factors of dysphagia
- hx of neurological or neuromuscular disorder
- decreased level of alertness
signs and symptoms of dysphagia
- absent/weak cough
- weight loss NYD
- drooling/choking
- pocketing
- gurgly voice
- reflux (food comes back up)
- leaving meals uneaten
- eating slowly
what makes a meal pleasant?
- good company
- flavour preferences
- esthetic environment
- cleanliness
- entertainment (depending on pt)
- culture
- napkin
- pace
- order of food
- non judgemental
- positioning (Comfort)
- toilet before meal
- glasses, dentures, hearing aid
- oral care before meal
factors to consider with helping people to eat
- social component
- opportunity to refine motor skills
- decision making fosters independence
- positive approach makes mealtime enjoyable
- tone of voice and eye contact is essential
- food is representative of love and security
- eating is an opportunity for sensory stimulation
stomatitis
mouth inflammation from cancer treatment or AIDS
assistive devices and positioning while eating
- cups, plates, utensils, non-slip mats
- position upright if possible
what observations might be made during oral care
- dry, cracked lips
- redness or irritation
- bleeding or swelling
- loose teeth
- problems with dentures
- pain or discomfort
anorexia
a lack or loss of appetite. the condition may result from poorly prepared or unattractive food or surroundings, unfavourable company, or various physical and physiological causes
aspiration
the misdirection of food or liquid into the trachea and airway
cachectic
pertaining to a state of generally poor health, malnutrition and weight loss
catabolism
a metabolic process in which complex substances are broken down by living cells into simple compounds
lactose intolerance
a sensitivity disorder resulting in the inability to digest lactose from milk products because of an inadequate production of or defect in the enzymes lactase
malnutrition
any disorder of nutrition. it may result from unbalanced, insufficient or excessive diet or from impaired absorption, assimilation or use of foods
over nutrition
a condition of excess nutrition and energy intake over time. may be regarded as a form of malnutrition when it leads to morbid obesity
