CKD

Question 1

Common causes

Answer 1

DM -1st
Glomerulopathies - 2nd
HTN - 3rd

Question 2

CKD def

Answer 2

abnormal structure/function for >3 months

Question 3

ACR classification

Answer 3

A!: ACR < 3
A2: ACR 3-30
A3: ACR >30

Question 4

GFR classification

Answer 4

1. eGFR >90
2. eGFR 60-89
3. eGFR 30-59
4. eGFR 15-29
5. eGFR <15 (kidney failure)

Question 5

CFs

Answer 5

Primarily asymptomatic
Can show same symptoms as other kidney diseases

Question 6

Mgx

Answer 6

• ACEi (RAAS)
• Treat anaemia - EPO stim. agents
• Treat acidosis - Na Bicarb.
• Treat bone disorders
• Dialysis
• renal transplant

Question 7

Types of dialysis

Answer 7

Haemodialysis _ opposite directions
- Hemofiltration - same direction
- Peritoneal dialysis

Question 8

Effect of diabetes in CKD

Answer 8

Glucose sticks to protein in blood - causes efferent art. to stiffen

will inc. pressure

Leads to hyperfiltration

Question 9

Glomerulosclerosis in CKD

Answer 9

• Dec. K excretion - hyperkalaemia
• Acid accumulation - anion gap metabolic acidosis
• Dec ammonia production - Dec. acid secretion - Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
• Na & H2O retention
• Vit. D hydroxylation - Dec Ca reabsorption
• Dec EPO synthesis - anaemia

Question 10

Pathophys. of CKD

Answer 10

renal art. thickening - dec. lumen size
Dec renal perfusion - glomerulus ischaemia
Inflammation - glomerulosclerosis - Dec. GFR

Question 11

Link w/ CVD

Answer 11

Na and H2O ret
HTN
accelerated atherosclerosis