Cirlulatory System Flashcards
Define system
Made up of many different organs that work together towards a common function. In inches the purpose of the system is achieved. For example the circulatory system
Define organ
Made up of different tissues . We’re together towards a common function. For example the heart and blood vessels
Define tissue
Group of similar cells that carry out the same function. For example the blood and muscles
Define cells
Structural and functional unit of a living organism. It is the smallest part that is responsible for the smallest function of the living system. For example red or white blood cells and blood platelets
Give the order of the any system
Cells -> tissue -> organ -> system
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
- transport substances around the body
- blood carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells
- removes carbon dioxide and other waste products from the cells
What are the main components of the circulatory system?
Main component of heart, blood vessels and blood
What is the heart?
The hot is a muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.
What type of blood systems do humans have and what does this mean?
Humans have close blood systems which means blood flows around the body contained in blood vessels
What type of blood vessels transport the blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What are arteries?
Blood vessels transport in blood away from the heart. Branch into tiny blood vessels. 
Define capillaries
Capillaries lie between cells.
What is the wall of capillaries made up of?
Wall of capillaries are made up of a single layer of cells which allows gases and nutrients to pass through easily.
What do joined capillaries form?
veins
Define veins
Blood vessels transport in blood towards the heart. Veins move carbon dioxide and waste products from the cells
What are the two main processes of the system?
- Circulating blood between the heart and the lungs. blood from the heart to lungs is deoxygenated. Blood returns to the heart is oxygenated
- Circulating blood between blood and the rest of the body. The heart pumps oxygen rich blood from the lungs to every living cells
What are the health issues?
- High blood pressure
- Heart attack
- Stroke
What is high blood pressure?
Condition that means the force at which blood is post against the artery walls is abnormally high. Pressure makes walls push back harder against the force of blood and walls become thicker. Less space for blood flow
What is a heart attack?
Occurs when blood clots block the flow of blood to the heart muscle. It causes a heart muscle to die or get damage causing death
What is a stroke?
Blood flow to the brain is stopped.Brain cells suddenly die because of lack of oxygen. This may cause death
How does the heart Pumps blood throughout the body?
Heart pumps blood through the body within blood vessels. This process is called circulation
Define circulation
The flow of blood through the Body cells and organs of an animal
Where does oxygenated blood come from and to?
From the lungs to the left side of the heart.
How is the deoxygenated blood transported?
Most veins transport deoxygenated Blood except rains taking blood from the lungs to the heart
Where does oxygenated blood enter?
Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium which is the heart
Define atrium
 Heart chamber which receives blood. Blood flows into the left ventricle
Define ventricle
Heart chamber which pumps blood.
What are the walls of the left ventricle made up of?
Left ventricle are made up of very thick muscles 
What does the left ventricle do?
Wall’s contract to pump blood out of the heart through the aorta
What is the aorta?
Blood is pumped out of the heart. From the aorta blood travels through the network of arteries and capillaries to all parts of the body
Define heart rate
Number of times is your heartbeat per minute
What does the quicker than your heartbeat mean?
The quicker your heart beat the hard and fast to your heart my soul is contracting to circulate blood throughout the body
What factors cause the heart rate decrease or increase?
- Increases when you exercise.
-  Fear or stress
- Stimulants such as caffeine or addiction increases heart rate
How is heart rate measured?
Finding the pulse somewhere on the body - wrist. Counting number of beats of a 20 seconds and multiplying a number by three
How many types of blood vessels are there? Name them
Three types. The arteries, capillaries and veins
What are arteries in terms of blood vessels?
Transports blood away from the heart
What are capillaries in terms of blood vessels? Is
made up of a single layer of cells. It transports nutrients and gases to the cells and transport waste and gas away from the cell
What are the veins in terms of blood vessels?
Largest blood vessel which transports blood to the heart
What is blood made up of?
Blood is made up of cells. The cells include platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells
What is the role of blood as a tissue?
Transports dissolved nutrients which is glucose and dissolved gases. This creates digestion
Define oxygenated blood
Blood rich in oxygen (has other gases but there is a higher quantity of oxygen)
What is deoxygenated blood?
Blood rich in carbon dioxide
What blood vessels bring blood to the heart?
- Vena cava
2. Pulmonary veins
Define vena cava
Type: deoxygenated blood
From: all parts of the body
To: right atrium
Define pulmonary vein
Type: oxygenated blood
From: lungs
To: left atrium
What are red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from cells. To all parts of the body. Disc shaped
What are white blood cells?
Leucocytes
Identify and destroy pathogens. Fights of disease. Irregular shapes
What are platelets?
Thrombocytes
Involved in blood clotting and repair and regeneration of blood. Connective tissue. Fragment of cell.
What do cells need nutrients and oxygen for?
Nutrients and oxygen are used by cells for respiration and raw materials for growth
Where is deoxygenated blood is transported to? heart
Transported to the right side of the heart and enters the right atrium
Once the oxygenated blood is in the right atrium what happens?
Blood is pumped into the right ventricle
Once oxygenated blood is in the right ventricle what happens?
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
Once the deoxygenated blood is in the lungs what happens?
Corbin dioxide defuses into the lungs and is exhaled out of the body
How does the heart pump blood to the lungs?
Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs. The artery enters your long and is subdivided to form capillaries throughout the lungs
What do the capillaries in the lungs branch on?
branch on surfaces of alveoli. Blood contains higher concentration of oxygen than air in the alveoli
What type of blood does the vena cava carry?
CO2 rich blood
Where does the vena cava transport blood to?
Right atrium
Where does the right atrium pump blood to?
Right ventricle
From the right atrium how does the blood get to the lung?
Right ventricle into pulmonary artery to each lung
Where does oxygen and nutrients pass the blood from and into?
Oxygen and nutrients pass from blood across capillary walls into the cells.
Where does carbon dioxide and waste products pass the blood from and into?
Carbon dioxide and waste products pass from the cells back into the capillaries.
What are waste products transported by?
Waste products transported by blood to excretory organs (lungs, kidney, skin)
What is the biggest artery in the human body?
The aorta is the biggest artery in the human body.
Why does the aorta have thick muscular walls?
It has thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure.
What is the smallest blood vessel in the circulatory system?
Capillaries
Why does the heart rate increase or decrease when you exercise?
The heart will works harder to get oxygen and nutrients and the muscles are doing more work
Why does the heart rate increase or decrease when you have fear or stress?
Can cause a release of hormones. It makes the heart pump faster and makes a person ready for defence or escape
Why do strokes happen?
Blood vessels burst or is blocked by a clot.
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are disease causing microorganism.
