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Life science > Cells as the Basic Unit > Flashcards

Cells as the Basic Unit Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of system is the human body?

A

Complex system

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2
Q

Define system

A

Collection of parts that function together to keep alive

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3
Q

What is the smallest part of the body?

A

Single cell

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4
Q

What are all living things made of?

A

Cells

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5
Q

What type of organisms are humans?

A

Multicellular organisms because they are made of many cells

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6
Q

What are unicellular organisms?

A

Spend their whole life as single cells

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7
Q

Are plant and animal cells the same?

A

Different

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8
Q

How can individual cells be seen?

A

Individual cells are so small, that they can in be seen under a microscope. One can view their structure

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9
Q

Define cell

A

Smallest unit of all living organisms

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10
Q

Why are cells functional?

A

Performs functions that are necessary for life

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11
Q

What is it called when cells can only be seen under a microscope?

A

Microscopic

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12
Q

If cells have a similar structure, what else do they have in common?

A

Similar functions

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13
Q

Define microscopic

A

Something that is so small that it can only be seen when using a microscope

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14
Q

Define organelle

A

Structure within a cell that performs the functions of a cell

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15
Q

What does the cell membrane form?

A

Outer boundary of cell that surrounds the content of the cell

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16
Q

How is the cell membrane sustainable?

A

Selectively permeable

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17
Q

Define selectively permeable

A

Allows substances to enter and leave. Only certain substances

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18
Q

List the functions of the cell membrane

A

• Controls entry + edit of substances
• Blood carries to cell (cellular respiration)
• Allow glucose + oxygen to enter
• Waste substances to exit

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19
Q

Define DNA

A

The material found in souse that carries the hereditary information

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20
Q

Where does the DNA occur?

A

in the cytoplasm (chromatin network)

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21
Q

Where is the DNA contained in?

A

In plant and animal cells the DNA is contained in the nucleus

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22
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

A round organelle surrounded by a nuclear membrane

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23
Q

What is another word for DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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24
Q

What does the DNA determine?

A

Inherited characteristics

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25
Q

Does everyone have the same DNA?

A

Everyone’s DNA is unique and different from each others

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26
Q

What type of DNA do children inherit?

A

A mixture of their parents

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27
Q

Why should there be a mixture of DNA inherited from the parents?

A

The process insures people look different and accounts for variation within single species

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28
Q

Define the function of the nucleus

A
  • Controls all activities of the cell
  • Transmits hereditary information
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29
Q

Define cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance. Water and a complex collection of structures and materials dissolved or suspended in it

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30
Q

What does the cytoplasm provide?

A

Liquid medium where chemical reactions take place in the cell

31
Q

Where are the organelles found?

A

Cytoplasm

32
Q

What are the organelles surrounded by?

A

A membrane that separates it from the cytoplasm

33
Q

Give examples of organelles

A

Mitochondria, vacuole and chloroplasts

34
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Powerhouse of the cell. Animal and plant cells.

35
Q

What occur in the mitochondria?

A

Respiration, metabolic reaction releases energy on glucose

36
Q

What are vacuoles?

A

Fluid filled sacs that are surrounded by a membrane

37
Q

What do vacuoles do?

A

Store substances used by the cell

38
Q

How many vacuoles do animal cells have?

A

Small vacuoles or no vacuoles

39
Q

How many vacuoles do plant cells have?

A

One or two large vacuoles which stores substances such as sugars, salts and water

40
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Found in plant cells. Used for photosynthesis

41
Q

What is the difference between plant and animals cells, when it comes to the cell wall?

A

Plant cells have a cell wall that surrounds the outside of a cell. Made of cellulose (rigid material). Used to support and protection. Animal cells are supported and protected by the skeleton

42
Q

What is the difference between plant and animals cells, when it comes to the chloroplasts?

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts (special organelle). The chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun and converts energy-rich sugars

43
Q

Define chlorophyll

A

Green pigment found in chloroplasts that gives plants their green colour

44
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

Process by which plants use chlorophyll to convert radiant energy into sugars

45
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

46
Q

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2 + H20 = C6H1206 + O2

47
Q

How are sugars stored?

A

Stored as starch. Energy for plant

48
Q

Why are animals unable to make their own food?

A

No chloroplasts

49
Q

Where are chloroplasts found?

A

found in cytoplasm - plant cells

50
Q

What shape are chloroplasts?

A

Oval shape

51
Q

What are chloroplasts surrounded by?

A

double membrane that contains chlorophyll

52
Q

What is function of chloroplasts?

A

Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.
Site of photosynthesis

53
Q

Why does the chloroplasts have structural sustainability?

A

Contains chlorophyll to track sunlight

54
Q

What is the difference between plant and animals cells, when it comes to the vacuoles?

A

Plant cells have one or two large vacuoles. Animal cells have non, if very small

55
Q

Our old life processes carried out by?

A

Single cell

56
Q

Define macroscopic organism

A

Large enough to be seen with the naked eye

57
Q

Why is it impossible for every so to carry out all life processes needed?

A

Large complex organism alive

58
Q

Define specialise

A

To take on a Particula function

59
Q

What do a group of cells have in common?

A

Have the same shape and structure

60
Q

What forms a tissue?

A

A group of cells performing specific functions

61
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of cells that have the same structure and perform the same function

62
Q

Define organ

A

Group of different tissues that perform a single function

63
Q

Define system

A

Group of different organs that perform bodily functions for organism

64
Q

Define system

A

Group of different organs that perform bodily functions for organism

65
Q

What work together to keep the organism alive?

A

There is a number of different systems that work together to keep the organism alive

66
Q

How many systems are there?

A

Seven systems

67
Q

Name all of the systems

A

Digestive, circulatory commerce battery, excretory, musculoskeletal, nervous, reproductive

68
Q

Define epithelial cells

A

Sounds that cover the organs and internal surface of the body

69
Q

Define cells

A

All living organisms are made up of cells

70
Q

Define tissues

A

Group of cells that have the same structure and perform the same structure

71
Q

Define organs

A

Group of different tissues that perform a single function

72
Q

Define system

A

Group of different organs that performs bodily functions for organisms

73
Q

Define organism

A

Number of different systems that work together to keep the organism alive

Life science (14 decks)

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