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Life science > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The breakdown of glucose to release energy. it is a chemical reaction

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2
Q

What do living cells use oxygen for?

A

Use oxygen to convert sugar into energy

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3
Q

What are products?

A

Result of adding the requirements. output. Carbon dioxide, water and energy

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4
Q

What do cells use energy for?

A

To do their work

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5
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

Supplies cells with oxygen. Removes waste products such as carbon dioxide through gaseous exchange

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6
Q

What is a reactant?

A

The requirement (input). glucose and oxyegn

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7
Q

What steps = the digestive system?

A

glucose -> food consumed -> digestion -> digestive system

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8
Q

What makes up the respiratory system?

A

oxygen -> atmosphere -> breathing -> respiratory system

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9
Q

What makes up the circulatory system?

A

digestive system + respiratory system = circulatory system

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10
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

Occurs within the mitochondria of all body cells

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11
Q

Explain the process that includes the circulatory system?

A

The circulatory system transports the raw materials that are required for respiration to the cells. Blood transports oxygen and glucose which diffuses into the cells. Oxygen reacts with glucose. Energy is release used for all other body processes

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12
Q

What is the chemical equation?

A
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13
Q

What is the word equation?

A
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14
Q

Define rate

A

How fast or quickly the reaction occurs

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15
Q

Is the rate of cellular respiration the same in every cell?

A

The process is exactly the same but the rate is different to cell. For example muscle cells require more energy than skin cells therefore there is a faster bit in muscle cells compared to the skin

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16
Q

What is the role of the digestive system?

A

Breaks down carbs into glucose

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17
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

Takes in oxygen from the universe

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18
Q

What is the role of the circulatory system?

A

Transports glucose and oxygen to the cells

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19
Q

Defined the function of the respiratory system

A

Supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. takes place in living cells Need oxygen to take place as it gives off carbon dioxide

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20
Q

What are the main component of the respiratory system?

A

Nose, mouth, trachea, air passages, lungs and blood

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21
Q

What is the trachea?

A

To which it tube through which air travels to the lungs and splits into left and right bronchi. Branch into smaller tubes and eventually ends in tiny air sacs alveoli

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22
Q

Define alveoli

A

Air sacs with gaseous exchange takes place

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23
Q

What type of structures are in the respiratory system?

A

cells, tubes or passages and organs

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24
Q

What are the nostrils?

A

There are two nostrils which allow it into the body

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25
Q

What are the nasal passage?

A

lined by fine hair-like structures called cilia (cells that secret mucus) traps air, dirt and pathogens

26
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

common tube through which air and food pass

27
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Air passages that carries or transports air to the lungs

28
Q

What is the glottis?

A

Opening of the trachea

29
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

tissue that covers the glottis

30
Q

What is the C-shaped cartilagenous ring?

A

Made up of cartilage which keeps the trachea open. Open end faces he oesophagus which allows food to enter the oesophagus

31
Q

what is the Bronchus?

A

A tubes which lead into the lungs. Has cartilagenous rings 

32
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

Smaller bronchi. Narrowest of bronchioles have no rings

33
Q

What is the alveoli?

A

And a sack which fills up the lung. In occurs in bunches and at the end of each bronchiole

34
Q

In the structure of the alveolus what is the bronchioles?

A

Brings blood to the lung from the heart. Brings blood out of the alveolus

35
Q

In the structure of the alveolus what is the thin outer membrane?

A

made up of a single layer of cells. Allows for quick and easy diffusion, as gas enters and leaves the alveolus easily

36
Q

In the structure of the alveolus what is the film of moisture?

A

allows oxygen to dissolve before entering the blood system

37
Q

In the structure of the alveolus what is the blood capillaries?

A

Extremely thin and allowed for which and easy diffusion of gases. Capillary transports gases to the rest of the body

38
Q

 What are the main processes of the respiratory system?

A

Breathing, gaseous exchange and respiration. It is responsible for maintaining the correct levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

39
Q

Define breathing

A

The flow of air in and out of the lungs

40
Q

What two processes does breathing consist of?

A

Inhalation and exhalation

41
Q

Define inhalation

A

intercostal muscles contract and air is drawn into the lung

42
Q

Define exhalation

A

Muscles relax and air is forced out of the lungs.

43
Q

Why does breathing take place?

A

Takes place because of a pressure difference between air in the lungs and outside of the body

44
Q

Define gaseous exchange

A

The exchange of gases between the blood, lungs and sells

45
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

A

Takes place in the alveoli witches in the long

46
Q

What is the alveoli surrounded by?

A

Blood capillaries

47
Q

What does the walls of capillaries and alveoli consist of?

A

Consist of a single layer of cells

48
Q

Where does the oxygen diffuse?

A

Diffusers through walls and into the blood

49
Q

Where does carbon dioxide diffuse?

A

Diffusers from blood into the lungs

50
Q

What does blood transport around the body and what does it diffuse into?

A

Blood transports oxygen to the rest of the body and oxygen defuses from blood into cells

51
Q

what are the health issues?

A
  1. Asthma 2. Lung cancer 3. Bronchitis 4. Asbestosis
52
Q

What is asthma?

A

Disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow.

53
Q

What is lung cancer?

A

Disease where the epithelial cells grow uncontrollably. The cells form a mass malignant Tumour. It is often caused by smoking

54
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Information or swelling of bronchial tubes. Breath less area and oxygen into the lungs

55
Q

What is asbestosis?

A

Disease caused by asbestos fibres entering the lungs during inhalation. Fibres boat up an alarm in the long did you become stiff. Use or make products with asbestos is the cause

56
Q

What is the external structure of the lung?

A

The lung is covered by a plural membrane. The plural membranes prevent friction through breathing movements

57
Q

How many lines are there and how many lobes do they have?

A

There are two lungs which have a left and a right. Right lung has three lobes and left lung has two lobes

58
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A
  • Oxygen into the body through breathing (inhalation/inspiration)
  • Corbin dioxide leaves the body through breathing (exhalation/expiration)
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide need to enter the capillaries through gaseous exchange
59
Q

What are the functions?

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Gaseous exchange
60
Q

What is asthma caused by?

A

It is caused by inflammation in airways.

61
Q

What does asthma lead to?

A

Often leads to easing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing

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