Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
The breakdown of glucose to release energy. it is a chemical reaction
What do living cells use oxygen for?
Use oxygen to convert sugar into energy
What are products?
Result of adding the requirements. output. Carbon dioxide, water and energy
What do cells use energy for?
To do their work
What does the respiratory system do?
Supplies cells with oxygen. Removes waste products such as carbon dioxide through gaseous exchange
What is a reactant?
The requirement (input). glucose and oxyegn
What steps = the digestive system?
glucose -> food consumed -> digestion -> digestive system
What makes up the respiratory system?
oxygen -> atmosphere -> breathing -> respiratory system
What makes up the circulatory system?
digestive system + respiratory system = circulatory system
Where does respiration occur?
Occurs within the mitochondria of all body cells
Explain the process that includes the circulatory system?
The circulatory system transports the raw materials that are required for respiration to the cells. Blood transports oxygen and glucose which diffuses into the cells. Oxygen reacts with glucose. Energy is release used for all other body processes
What is the chemical equation?
What is the word equation?
Define rate
How fast or quickly the reaction occurs
Is the rate of cellular respiration the same in every cell?
The process is exactly the same but the rate is different to cell. For example muscle cells require more energy than skin cells therefore there is a faster bit in muscle cells compared to the skin
What is the role of the digestive system?
Breaks down carbs into glucose
What is the role of the respiratory system?
Takes in oxygen from the universe
What is the role of the circulatory system?
Transports glucose and oxygen to the cells
Defined the function of the respiratory system
Supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. takes place in living cells Need oxygen to take place as it gives off carbon dioxide
What are the main component of the respiratory system?
Nose, mouth, trachea, air passages, lungs and blood
What is the trachea?
To which it tube through which air travels to the lungs and splits into left and right bronchi. Branch into smaller tubes and eventually ends in tiny air sacs alveoli
Define alveoli
Air sacs with gaseous exchange takes place
What type of structures are in the respiratory system?
cells, tubes or passages and organs
What are the nostrils?
There are two nostrils which allow it into the body
What are the nasal passage?
lined by fine hair-like structures called cilia (cells that secret mucus) traps air, dirt and pathogens
What is the pharynx?
common tube through which air and food pass
What is the trachea?
Air passages that carries or transports air to the lungs
What is the glottis?
Opening of the trachea
What is the epiglottis?
tissue that covers the glottis
What is the C-shaped cartilagenous ring?
Made up of cartilage which keeps the trachea open. Open end faces he oesophagus which allows food to enter the oesophagus
what is the Bronchus?
A tubes which lead into the lungs. Has cartilagenous rings 
What are the bronchioles?
Smaller bronchi. Narrowest of bronchioles have no rings
What is the alveoli?
And a sack which fills up the lung. In occurs in bunches and at the end of each bronchiole
In the structure of the alveolus what is the bronchioles?
Brings blood to the lung from the heart. Brings blood out of the alveolus
In the structure of the alveolus what is the thin outer membrane?
made up of a single layer of cells. Allows for quick and easy diffusion, as gas enters and leaves the alveolus easily
In the structure of the alveolus what is the film of moisture?
allows oxygen to dissolve before entering the blood system
In the structure of the alveolus what is the blood capillaries?
Extremely thin and allowed for which and easy diffusion of gases. Capillary transports gases to the rest of the body
 What are the main processes of the respiratory system?
Breathing, gaseous exchange and respiration. It is responsible for maintaining the correct levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Define breathing
The flow of air in and out of the lungs
What two processes does breathing consist of?
Inhalation and exhalation
Define inhalation
intercostal muscles contract and air is drawn into the lung
Define exhalation
Muscles relax and air is forced out of the lungs.
Why does breathing take place?
Takes place because of a pressure difference between air in the lungs and outside of the body
Define gaseous exchange
The exchange of gases between the blood, lungs and sells
Where does gaseous exchange take place?
Takes place in the alveoli witches in the long
What is the alveoli surrounded by?
Blood capillaries
What does the walls of capillaries and alveoli consist of?
Consist of a single layer of cells
Where does the oxygen diffuse?
Diffusers through walls and into the blood
Where does carbon dioxide diffuse?
Diffusers from blood into the lungs
What does blood transport around the body and what does it diffuse into?
Blood transports oxygen to the rest of the body and oxygen defuses from blood into cells
what are the health issues?
- Asthma 2. Lung cancer 3. Bronchitis 4. Asbestosis
What is asthma?
Disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow.
What is lung cancer?
Disease where the epithelial cells grow uncontrollably. The cells form a mass malignant Tumour. It is often caused by smoking
What is bronchitis?
Information or swelling of bronchial tubes. Breath less area and oxygen into the lungs
What is asbestosis?
Disease caused by asbestos fibres entering the lungs during inhalation. Fibres boat up an alarm in the long did you become stiff. Use or make products with asbestos is the cause
What is the external structure of the lung?
The lung is covered by a plural membrane. The plural membranes prevent friction through breathing movements
How many lines are there and how many lobes do they have?
There are two lungs which have a left and a right. Right lung has three lobes and left lung has two lobes
What is the role of the respiratory system?
- Oxygen into the body through breathing (inhalation/inspiration)
- Corbin dioxide leaves the body through breathing (exhalation/expiration)
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide need to enter the capillaries through gaseous exchange
What are the functions?
- Breathing
- Gaseous exchange
What is asthma caused by?
It is caused by inflammation in airways.
What does asthma lead to?
Often leads to easing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing
