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Life science > Breathing > Flashcards

Breathing Flashcards

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1
Q

Define breathing

A

Inflow and outflow of air in lungs

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2
Q

What is the process of breathing?

A

During which a enters all leaves the body

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3
Q

When does inhalation occur?

A

Air enters the body

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4
Q

When does exhalation occur?

A

Air leaves the body

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5
Q

What does air contain?

A

Mixture of gases which is oxygen and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What are the breathing muscles?

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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7
Q

Define diaphragm

A

Muscular plate that divides the thorax (chest) from the abdomen

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8
Q

Define intercostal muscles

A

Muscles between the ribs used to lift the rib cage

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9
Q

Define thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the lungs and heart

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10
Q

What is the role of the breathing muscles?

A
  • Contractions of muscles increases the volume of the thoracic cavity - reducing pressure in lungs - allows air into the body
  • Relaxation of those muscles decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity
  • Increasing pressure on lungs pushes it out of the body
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11
Q

What does the process of inhalation and exhalation take place on the principal of?

A

Takes place on the principle that airflows in and out of the lungs because of differences in air pressure and lungs and air

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12
Q

What type of process is inhalation?

A

An active process caused by muscle contraction

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13
Q

List the process of inhalation

A
  1. Muscles of the diaphragm contracts. The diaphragm moves downwards and flattens
  2. Top to bottom length increases
  3. Intercostal muscles contract lifting the rib cage upwards
  4. Increases back to front (volume) of thoracic cavity
  5. Air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases as it is lower than the atmospheric air pressure
  6. Air pressure on lungs decrease
  7. It is drawn into the body from the nasal openings
  8. Where (oxygen) flows down air passages into the lungs
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14
Q

What type of process is exclamation?

A

Passive process which occurs without muscle contraction

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15
Q

List the process of exhalation

A
  1. Muscles of the diaphragm relaxes. The diaphragm moves upward to original position
  2. Intercostal muscles relax which the rib cage moves down to original position
  3. Top to bottom length (volume) of thoracic caity decreases
  4. Decreases back to front (volume) of thoracic cavity
  5. Air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases as it is higher than the atmospheric air pressure
  6. Air pressure on lungs increase
  7. Air (carbon dioxide) pushed out of lungs or thoracic cavity through the nasal passages
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16
Q

What is the flow chart to show the path of inhaled air?

A

Nostrils

Nasal passages

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

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17
Q

Define gaseous exchange

A

transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environments exchange

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18
Q

When does gaseous exchange occur?

A

Occurs when gases diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration

19
Q

Where does gaseous exhange occur?

A

Lungs and body cells

20
Q

How does gassiest exchange occur in the lungs?

A

Gases move between the alveoli and the and the surrounding capillaries

21
Q

How does gassiest exchange occur in body cells?

A

Gases diffuse from capillaries and into the cells and out of the cells into the capillaries

22
Q

What type of process is diffusion?

A

A passive process

23
Q

For oxygen to diffuse into the capillaries in the alveoli what must take place?

A

There must be a difference in concentration of oxygen in the blood and air in the lungs

24
Q

What does molecules of oxygen move down?

A

A diffusion gradient

25
Q

Define diffusion gradient

A

Differences in the concentrations of substances between a region with high concentration and a region with a lower concentration of a substance

26
Q

How is diffusion gradient maintained continuously?

A

There’s always a flow of deoxygenated blood entering the lungs from the heart and a fresh supply of oxygen from inhalation

27
Q

What is each alveolus surrounded by?

A

Capillary vessels

28
Q

What are the arteries do with deoxygenated blood?

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

29
Q

What concentration does air in the alveous have?

A

A low concentration of carbon dioxide

30
Q

What happens with this low concentration of carbon dioxide in the alevolus?

A

Conso Corbin dioxide defuses along the diffusion gradient. Across the thin walls of the capillaries and out of the bloodstream into the alveolus

31
Q

After the diffusion what concentration does the alveoli have?

A

Has a high concentration of oxygen as the blood has a low concentration of oxygen

32
Q

What happens to the high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli?

A

Diffuses along the diffusion gradient across the thin walls was out of air into the alveolus into the blood

33
Q

When does carbon dioxide flow out of the lungs?

A

During exhalation

34
Q

How does oxygenated blood leaves the heart?

A

Through aorta

35
Q

How does gaseous exchange take place in the body cells?

A

They aorta split into arteries. Arteries subdivided to form capillaries. Capillaries are close in contact with the cells

36
Q

How does oxygen reach the cell membranes in the body’s cells?

A

Oxygen defuses down the diffusion gradient across the capillary walls. Into the cell membrane in body cells

37
Q

Once oxygen has diffused into the body is self what type of blood is there?

A

Deoxygenated blood

38
Q

Call me now oxide is released as a byproduct for respiration. What happens to the cells?

A

Corbin dioxide defuses from the cells into the capillaries for excretion. Now body cells of a higher concentration of CO2 than the blood due to respiration

39
Q

How does carbon dioxide get into the blood?

A

Corbin dioxide defuses down the diffusion gradient across the capillary wall and the cell membranes into the blood

40
Q

What do capillaries combined form?

A

Veins

41
Q

Where is blood transported after oxygen and carbon dioxide a fuse?

A

Back to the right side of the heart

42
Q

What type of pressure is blood in the veins and the arteries?

A

Blood in the veins are under a lower pressure than blood in the arteries. As the arteries pump further away

43
Q

What type of layers do veins and arteries have?

A

What is your veins have Stena, muscle layers than arteries

Life science (14 decks)

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