Breathing Flashcards
Define breathing
Inflow and outflow of air in lungs
What is the process of breathing?
During which a enters all leaves the body
When does inhalation occur?
Air enters the body
When does exhalation occur?
Air leaves the body
What does air contain?
Mixture of gases which is oxygen and carbon dioxide
What are the breathing muscles?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Define diaphragm
Muscular plate that divides the thorax (chest) from the abdomen
Define intercostal muscles
Muscles between the ribs used to lift the rib cage
Define thoracic cavity
Space in the chest containing the lungs and heart
What is the role of the breathing muscles?
- Contractions of muscles increases the volume of the thoracic cavity - reducing pressure in lungs - allows air into the body
- Relaxation of those muscles decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity
- Increasing pressure on lungs pushes it out of the body
What does the process of inhalation and exhalation take place on the principal of?
Takes place on the principle that airflows in and out of the lungs because of differences in air pressure and lungs and air
What type of process is inhalation?
An active process caused by muscle contraction
List the process of inhalation
- Muscles of the diaphragm contracts. The diaphragm moves downwards and flattens
- Top to bottom length increases
- Intercostal muscles contract lifting the rib cage upwards
- Increases back to front (volume) of thoracic cavity
- Air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases as it is lower than the atmospheric air pressure
- Air pressure on lungs decrease
- It is drawn into the body from the nasal openings
- Where (oxygen) flows down air passages into the lungs
What type of process is exclamation?
Passive process which occurs without muscle contraction
List the process of exhalation
- Muscles of the diaphragm relaxes. The diaphragm moves upward to original position
- Intercostal muscles relax which the rib cage moves down to original position
- Top to bottom length (volume) of thoracic caity decreases
- Decreases back to front (volume) of thoracic cavity
- Air pressure in the thoracic cavity increases as it is higher than the atmospheric air pressure
- Air pressure on lungs increase
- Air (carbon dioxide) pushed out of lungs or thoracic cavity through the nasal passages
What is the flow chart to show the path of inhaled air?
Nostrils
Nasal passages
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Define gaseous exchange
transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environments exchange
When does gaseous exchange occur?
Occurs when gases diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Where does gaseous exhange occur?
Lungs and body cells
How does gassiest exchange occur in the lungs?
Gases move between the alveoli and the and the surrounding capillaries
How does gassiest exchange occur in body cells?
Gases diffuse from capillaries and into the cells and out of the cells into the capillaries
What type of process is diffusion?
A passive process
For oxygen to diffuse into the capillaries in the alveoli what must take place?
There must be a difference in concentration of oxygen in the blood and air in the lungs
What does molecules of oxygen move down?
A diffusion gradient
Define diffusion gradient
Differences in the concentrations of substances between a region with high concentration and a region with a lower concentration of a substance
How is diffusion gradient maintained continuously?
There’s always a flow of deoxygenated blood entering the lungs from the heart and a fresh supply of oxygen from inhalation
What is each alveolus surrounded by?
Capillary vessels
What are the arteries do with deoxygenated blood?
Brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What concentration does air in the alveous have?
A low concentration of carbon dioxide
What happens with this low concentration of carbon dioxide in the alevolus?
Conso Corbin dioxide defuses along the diffusion gradient. Across the thin walls of the capillaries and out of the bloodstream into the alveolus
After the diffusion what concentration does the alveoli have?
Has a high concentration of oxygen as the blood has a low concentration of oxygen
What happens to the high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli?
Diffuses along the diffusion gradient across the thin walls was out of air into the alveolus into the blood
When does carbon dioxide flow out of the lungs?
During exhalation
How does oxygenated blood leaves the heart?
Through aorta
How does gaseous exchange take place in the body cells?
They aorta split into arteries. Arteries subdivided to form capillaries. Capillaries are close in contact with the cells
How does oxygen reach the cell membranes in the body’s cells?
Oxygen defuses down the diffusion gradient across the capillary walls. Into the cell membrane in body cells
Once oxygen has diffused into the body is self what type of blood is there?
Deoxygenated blood
Call me now oxide is released as a byproduct for respiration. What happens to the cells?
Corbin dioxide defuses from the cells into the capillaries for excretion. Now body cells of a higher concentration of CO2 than the blood due to respiration
How does carbon dioxide get into the blood?
Corbin dioxide defuses down the diffusion gradient across the capillary wall and the cell membranes into the blood
What do capillaries combined form?
Veins
Where is blood transported after oxygen and carbon dioxide a fuse?
Back to the right side of the heart
What type of pressure is blood in the veins and the arteries?
Blood in the veins are under a lower pressure than blood in the arteries. As the arteries pump further away
What type of layers do veins and arteries have?
What is your veins have Stena, muscle layers than arteries
