circulatory system

Question 1

It pumps and directs blood cells and substances carried in the blood to all tissues of the body.

Answer 1

circulatory system

Question 2

it propels blood through the system

Answer 2

heart

Question 3

series of vessels efferent from the heart that become smaller as they branch into the various organs, carry blood to the tissue.

Answer 3

arteries

Question 4

the smallest vessels

Answer 4

capillaries

Question 5

sites of C02, O2, nutrients, and waste product exchange between blood and tissue.

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

together with the smallest arterial and venous branches carrying blood to and from them, capillaries in amost every organ form a complex network of thin anastomosing tubule called

Answer 6

microvasculature/ microvascular bed

Question 7

veins

Answer 7

Result from convergence of venules into a system of larger channels that continue enlarging as they approach the heart, toward which they carry blood to pump again.

Question 8

the internal surface of all components of the blood and lymphatic system is lined by a single layer of squamous epithelium called

Answer 8

endothelium

Question 9

how many chambers of the heart that contracts rhythmically pumping blood through the circulation

Answer 9

4

Question 10

propels blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulation

Answer 10

right and left ventricle

Question 11

receives blood from the body and pulmonary vein

Answer 11

right and left atria

Question 12

The wall of all 4 heart chamber consist of 3 major layers

Answer 12

internal endocardium
middle myocardium
external epicardium

Question 13

endocardium consists of

Answer 13

a very thin inner layer of endothelium and supporting connective tissue, a middle myoelastic layer of smooth muscle fibers and connective tissue, and a deep layer of connective tissue called the subendocardial layer

Question 14

subendocardial layer merges with

Answer 14

myocardium

Question 15

lined by endothelium

Answer 15

endocardium

Question 16

1 layer of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 16

endocardium

Question 17

the thickest layer of the heart

Answer 17

myocardium

Question 18

myocardium, consists

Answer 18

mainly of cardiac muscle with its fibers arranged spirally around each heart chamber. Because strong force is required to pump blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations,

Question 19

the myocardium is much thicker in the

Answer 19

walls of the ventricles, particularly the left, than in the atrial walls

Question 20

The epicardium is a

Answer 20

simple squamous mesothelium supported by a layer of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 21

layer of the heart that has lots of adipose tissue

Answer 21

epicardium

Question 22

The epicardium corresponds to the

Answer 22

visceral layer of the pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart.

Question 23

Where the large vessels enter and leave the heart, the

Answer 23

the epicardium is reflected back as the parietal layer lining the pericardium.

Question 24

During heart movements, underlying structures are cushioned by

Answer 24

deposits of adipose tissue in the epicardium

Question 25

friction within the pericardium is prevented by lubricant fluid produced by both layers of

Answer 25

serous mesothelial cells

Question 26

has selective permeability, has antithrombogenic properties, serves as diapedesis for leukocytes, seccrete variety of paracrine factors for vasodilation, constriction, and growth of adjacent cells.

Answer 26

endothelium

Question 27

diapedesis

Answer 27

how leukocytes migrate and moves out of the blood vessels and go to diff tissues

Question 28

pulmonary vein

Answer 28

oxygenated blood

Question 29

pulmonary arteries carry

Answer 29

doexygenated blood

Question 30

major tissue types in 3 layers of the heart

Answer 30

cardiac muscle

Question 31

Branches of the heart’s impulse-conducting system, consisting of modified cardiac muscle fibers, are also located in the subendocardial layer.

Answer 31

endocardium

Question 32

seen in the Subendocardial layer

Answer 32

purkinje fibers

Question 33

part of electrical conducting system of heart

Answer 33

purkinje fibers

Question 34

2 layers of pericardium

Answer 34

outer visceral and inner parietal

Question 35

fibro serous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessel

Answer 35

pericardium

Question 36

pericardium consist of

Answer 36

serous pericardium and fibrous pericardium

Question 37

serous pericardium consist of ___ which lines the inside of fibrous pericardium

Answer 37

outer parietal layer

Question 38

visceral layer adherens to the

Answer 38

surface of the heart

Question 39

gitna ng parietal and visceral layer

Answer 39

perichardial cavity

Question 40

endocardium corresponds to

Answer 40

visceral layer of serous perichardium

Question 41

Dense fibrous connective tissue of the cardiac skeleton forms part of the

Answer 41

interventricular and interatrial septa, surrounds all valves of the heart, and extends into the valve cusps and the chordae tendineae to which they are attached

Question 42

cardiac skeleton functions

Answer 42

■ Anchoring and supporting the heart valves ■ Providing firm points of insertion for cardiac muscle ■ Helping coordinate the heartbeat by acting as electrical insulation between atria and ventricles

Question 43

between ventricle

Answer 43

interverticular septa

Question 44

bet. atria

Answer 44

interatrial septa

Question 45

pacemaker

Answer 45

SA node/sinoatrial node

Question 46

system

Answer 46

SA node/sinoatrial node provide electrical signal---> atrioventricular node---> bundle of HIS (atrioventricular bundle) --->subendocardial conducting netwrok (purkinje fibers)

Question 47

Conducting system of the heart

Answer 47

located within a subendocardial layer and adjacent myocardium are modified cardiac mucle cells that are responsible for rythmic contraction.

Question 48

conducting system of the heart consist of specialized myocardial tissue in the

Answer 48

right atrium

Question 49

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic neural components innervate the ___. Ganglionic nerve cells and nerve fibers are present in the regions close to the SA and AV nodes, where they affect heart rate and rhythm, such as during physical exercise and emotional stress

Answer 49

heart

Question 50

fight or flight response

Answer 50

sympathetic

Question 51

rest and digest response

Answer 51

parasympathetic

Question 52

modify (not dictate) heart rate and rythm

Answer 52

sympathetic and parasympathetic neural component

Question 53

Stimulation of the parasympathetic division (vagus nerve) ____, whereas stimulation of the sympathetic nerve ____

Answer 53

slows the heartbeat accelerates activity of the pacemaker

Question 54

Between fibers of the myocardium are afferent free nerve endings that register

Answer 54

pain, such as the discomfort

Question 55

carotid massage

Answer 55

stimulate vagus nerve

Question 56

pale staining fibers, larger than adjacent contractile muscle fibers

Answer 56

purkinje fibers

Question 57

Walls of all blood vessels except capillaries contain

Answer 57

smooth muscle and connective tissue in addition to the endothelial lining.

Question 58

capilliary only has

Answer 58

endothelium

Question 59

The amount and arrangement of these tissues (smooth mucle and CT) in vessels are influenced by ________, primarily blood pressure, and metabolic factors reflecting the local needs of tissues

Answer 59

mechanical factors

Question 60

The endothelium is a specialized epithelium that acts as a semipermeable barrier between two internal compartments:

Answer 60

the blood plasma and the interstitial tissue fluid.