circulation Flashcards
chambered hearts
mixing of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood
pressure driving blood flow
fish heart
two chambers, one-way valves
blood mixes in sinus
low blood pressure, low flow to support a slower metabolism
neutral buoyancy
amphibian heart
three chambers, wall (septum) between atria, single ventricle
blood mixes in ventricle
spiral valve, lack of clear separation between bloods
higher pressure, faster blood flow to support higher metabolism
can re-pump blood after oxygenation
reptile heart
3.5 chambers, two separate atria and partially separated ventricle
spiral valve
higher pressure, better separation from oxy and deoxy blood
cardiac shunting
mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
R–>L bypasses pulmonary circualtion
L–>R recirculates o2 rich blood back to lung
mammalian/bird heart
four chambers, complete separation of atria and ventricles
one-way valves
much higher pressures
complete separation of oxy and deoxy blood
blood vessel
elastic walls
smooth muscle
vary in: diameter, thickness, velocity
heart rate
determines the volume of blood leaving the heart
coupled to o2 need
sponge circulation
no vessels, no pump, transfer is across surface
severely limits body size
open circulatory path
low pressure
fluid pumped into container (hemocoel)
drained out of hemocoel into respiratory membrane
cells and tissues in direct contact with fluid
coelomic cavity
fluid-filled space between body wall and digestive tract
open cirulation
low pressure
low flow rates
larger blood volume
hemolymph = interstitial/extracellular fluid
suspension of organs in hemocoel
no ability to direct blood flow to tissues that need it most
closed circulation
all vertebrates
blood not in direct contact with tissues
blood separated from inter/extracellular fluid
higher pressure, lower volume
need for chambered pump (heart)
lobster circulatory system
open circulatory system, single chambered heart
heart –> arteries –> hemocoel –> sinus –> veins –> gills –> heart
hagfish circulatory system
rudimentary vertebrate, oldest (hag) living vertebrate
closed system, multiple hearts, sinuses (blood filled space)
highest volume of blood of any vertebrate, lowest pressure
