Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
Which condition is associated with gouty tophus?
CKD
Is haematuria only seen if RBCs are present in the urine?
No, also seen if free haemoglobin or free myoglobin are present.
What are the 6 markers of CKD which can be used to aid diagnosis?
Transplantation
Histological abnormalities
Electrolyte abnormalities
ACR >3mg/mmol
Sediment abnormalities
Structural abnormalities
Think ‘THE ASS’.
What are the 2 diagnostic criteria in CKD?
Presence of any of ‘THE ASS’
A eGFR <60ml/min over a prolonged period of time
Either of these on investigation is sufficient for diagnosis to be made.
How may early CKD present?
Low serum creatinine
Raised eGFR
Due to hyperinflation - will fail eventually.
What are 4 common causes of CKD?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic kidney disease
Glomerular disease
What are 3 potential complications of CKD?
AKI
Hypertension/Dyslipidaemia
Renal anaemia (not producing enough EPO)
How should CKD be managed?
Treat underlying cause.
How do ACE inhibitors/ARBs impact GFR?
Cause it to drop as they lower glomerular pressure.
Beware this when initiating these treatments.
What indicates renal artery stenosis?
Significant decrease (>25%) of eGFR
Increase in serum creatinine (>30%)
Can RAAS inhibition (ACE inhibitors/ARBs) be given in those with renal artery stenosis?
No, they are contraindicated.
How should metabolic acidosis be treated?
Sodium bicarbonate
At which eGFR level is renal anaemia expected?
Less than 40ml/min.
