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Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 structures make up the upper urinary tract?

A

Kidneys
Ureters

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2
Q

What 2 structures make up the lower urinary tract?

A

Bladder
Urethra

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3
Q

What is meant by a retroperitoneal structure?

A

One that lies behind the peritoneal cavity.

An example is the kidneys.

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4
Q

Name 3 retroperitoneal structures?

A

Kidneys
IVC
Abdominal aorta

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5
Q

What 3 structures are found at the kidney hilum?

A

Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter

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6
Q

Which muscle lies posteromedial to the kidney?

A

Psoas major

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7
Q

Which muscles lies most posterior to the kidney?

A

Quadratus lumborum (a bilateral structure)

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8
Q

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

A

Due to the presence of the liver on the RHS.

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9
Q

Which kidney is found between L1 and L3?

A

Right kidney

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10
Q

Which kidney is found between T12 and L2?

A

Left kidney

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11
Q

What may result from a floating rib fracture?

A

Kidney injury
Splenic rupture

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12
Q

What is the significance of the hepatorenal recess?

A

It is the deepest part of the abdominal cavity when supine.

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13
Q

What 2 causes may result in an internal ureteric obstruction?

A

Renal calculus
Blood clot

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14
Q

Obstruction at which sites will produce unilateral hydronephrosis?

A

Bladder
Urethra

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Contracts during ejaculation to prevent the backflow of semen into the bladder.

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16
Q

What are the 2 routes through which a patient may be catheterised?

A

Urethra
Suprapubic

17
Q

Obstruction at which sites will produce unilateral hydronephrosis?

A

Calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Bladder

18
Q

Do females have an internal urethral sphincter?

A

No, only seen in males.

19
Q

Where are sperm stored following production?

A

Epidydymis

20
Q

Where do the testes originate?

A

The posterior abdominal wall

Descends to the scrotum via the inguinal canal.

21
Q

Which structures are found in the spermatic cord?

A

Testicular artery
Testicular vein
Vas deferens

22
Q

A pathological collection of fluid within the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis may be referred to as what?

A

Hydrocele

23
Q

What 2 structures comprise the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens

24
Q

Where does the right testicular vein drain to?

A

IVC

25
Q

Where does the left testicular vein drain to?

A

Left renal vein

26
Q

Which artery supplies the penis?

A

Internal iliac artery

27
Q

Which arteries supply the scrotum?

A

Internal iliac artery
External iliac artery

28
Q

Where does lymph from the testes drain to?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

Due to origin of testicles near the abdominal aorta.

29
Q

What are the 4 main components of a nephron?

A

Bowman’s capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

Where does the vas deferens join the urethra?

A

At the prostate.

31
Q

What are the 5 nerve fibre modalities?

A

Sensory
Motor
Visceral afferent
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

32
Q

Which nerves control ureteric peristalsis and the contractile function of the bladder?

A

Autonomic nerves

An involuntary process.

33
Q

Which urethral sphincter is voluntary?

A

External urethral sphincter

34
Q

Which urethral sphincter is involuntary?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

Only seen in males.

35
Q

How do viscera receive sympathetic innervation?

A

Splanchnic nerves

36
Q

Is parasympathetic innervation provided to the body wall?

A

No

37
Q

Which 3 structures are the only ones with somatic motor innervation within the renal tract?

A

Distal urethra
External urethral sphincter
Levator ani

38
Q

Which spinal nerves control the flow of urine?

A

S2, S3, S4

39
Q
A

Renal (14 decks)

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