Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Acute Kidney Injury > Flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What form of renal disease is commonly seen in children?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which triad is associated with nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria (>3g/day)
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does nephrotic syndrome always affect renal function?

A

No, can have normal function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which 4 signs are associated with nephritic syndrome?

A

Oliguria
Oedema
Hypertension
Active urinary sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What commonly precedes the development of nephritic syndrome?

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an AKI?

A

An abrupt reduction in kidney function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 diagnostic criteria for an AKI?

A

An absolute increase in serum creatinine by >26.4umol
An increase in creatinine by 50%
A reduced urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 categories of AKI?

A

Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the issue in those with a pre-renal AKI?

A

Reduced renal perfusion

Reversible if cause mitigated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What may cause pre-renal AKI?

A

Hypovolaemia
Hypotension
Medications
Hepatorenal syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which medications may cause pre-renal AKI?

A

NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

A

AKI in the context of established liver disease.

A pre-renal form of AKI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is defined as oliguria?

A

A urine output of less than 0.5ml/kg/hr.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is raised creatinine normal when taking an ACE inhibitor?

A

Yes - a normal response.

Beware vomiting/diarrhoea alongside this as it indicates volume depletion, and thus reduced GFR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may result if a pre-renal AKI goes untreated?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common form of AKI in a hospital setting?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

17
Q

What may cause acute tubular necrosis?

A

Sepsis
Severe dehydration
Rhabdomyolysis
Drug toxicity

18
Q

How should a pre-renal AKI be managed?

A

Assess hydration level
Provide fluid challenge

19
Q

What produces a renal AKI?

A

A disease resulting in inflammation/damage to cells.

Can be sub-divided with respect to the structure affected.

20
Q

What is the primary cause of AKI?

A

Vasculitis

21
Q

What may cause interstitial nephritis?

A

Drugs
Tuberculosis
Sarcoidosis

A form of renal AKI.

22
Q

Which medications may cause interstitial nephritis?

A

Penicillin
PPIs
NSAIDs

23
Q

What may cause tubular injury?

A

Drugs (e.g. gentamicin)
Contrast
Rhabdomyolysis

A form of renal AKI.

24
Q

In those with AKI, what does the presence of haematuria suggest?

A

Renal causation.

25
Q

What are the 5 life-threatening complications of AKI?

A

Hyperkalaemia
Fluid overload (resistant to diuretics)
Severe acidosis
Uraemic pericarditis/pericardial effusion
Severe uraemia (>40)

26
Q

What is responsible for a post-renal AKI?

A

Urological tract obstruction

27
Q

What are plausible causes of urological tract obstruction?

A

Stones
Malignancy/Tumor
Strictures
Extrinsic pressure
Retention

28
Q

Following obstruction, what is a response to be aware of?

A

Polyuria

Beware this, as may need fluid replacement.

29
Q

What is defined as life-threatening hyperkalaemia?

A

> 6.5

If any hyperkalaemia seen, perform an ECG.

30
Q

How is hyperkalaemia managed?

A

10ml of 10% calcium gluconate IV over 2-3 mins - will protect the myocardium.
Insulin (to move K+ back into cells)
50ml 50% dextrose
Salbutamol nebuliser

31
Q

Is calcium resonium used in management of acute hyperkalaemia?

A

No, mechanism involves inhibiting absorption through the GI tract, therefore more suited to chronic cases.

32
Q

What are urgent indications to perform haemodialysis?

A

Life-threatening/Unresponsive hyperkalaemia
Severe acidosis
Fluid acidosis
Uraemia with pericarditis/pericardial effusion

33
Q

Do patients taking ACE inhibitors have sick day rules?

A

Yes, do not take if have diarrhoea/vomiting.

May precipitate pre-renal AKI.

Renal (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions