Cancer

Question 1

What are the 4 forms of renal malignancy?

Answer 1

Chromophobe
Clear cell carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma
Collecting duct carcinoma

Question 2

What is an oncocytoma?

Answer 2

Benign growth of the kidney.

Produces a mahogany brown lesion with a central stellate scar.

Question 3

Which form of renal carcinoma is associated with the poorest prognosis?

Answer 3

Collecting duct carcinoma

Question 4

What is the most common form of renal carcinoma?

Answer 4

Clear cell carcinoma (also known as renal cell carcinoma)

Question 5

How does clear cell carcinoma present?

Answer 5

Haematuria
Mass
Hypertension (rare)

Question 6

What is a common route of spread of a clear cell carcinoma?

Answer 6

Invasion of the renal vein.

Question 7

Where is a common site for prostate cancer to metastasise to?

Answer 7

Bone

Question 8

What does a raised PSA indicate?

Answer 8

Prostate enlargement

Not specific to cancer, although is raised in cancer too.

Question 9

What is Gleason’s score used to determine?

Answer 9

Prostate cancer

Question 10

What is the aim of hormone therapy in prostate cancer?

Answer 10

Inhibits testosterone production, taking food supply from the cancer.

Question 11

Which gender is more likely to suffer from bladder cancer?

Answer 11

Males

Question 12

What are risks for bladder cancer development?

Answer 12

Occupational exposure to dyes
Tobacco
Bladder infections

Question 13

What is the most common form of bladder cancer?

Answer 13

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 14

What is the most common symptom of bladder cancer?

Answer 14

Haematuria

Question 15

How should haematuria be investigated?

Answer 15

Flexible cystoscopy

Question 16

Which chromosome is affected in Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome?

Answer 16

Chromosome 3

Question 17

What % of Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome patients develop renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 17

Around 50%