Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA

Question 1

Sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and nucleotides are small molecules called ___________. (25% of body)

Answer 1

macromolecules

Question 2

name the three classes of macromolecules:

Answer 2

polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 3

Every macromolecule is a ________ built by linking together small subunits, the subunits are called _______.

Answer 3

polymer

monomers

Question 4

Match the macromolecule with the monomer.
sugar, proteins
amino acids, nucleic acids
nucleotides, polysaccharides

Answer 4

sugar, polysaccharides
amino acids, proteins
nucleotides, nucleic acids

Question 5

polysaccharides are built from sugar molecules. The bond that holds one sugar to the next is a _______ bond.

Answer 5

covalent

Question 6

forming a covalent bond by displacing a water molecule is called a _________ reaction.

Answer 6

dehydration (or condensation) reaction.

Question 7

___________ are built by dehydration reactions with an input of energy that connects monomers to join via covalent bonds.

Answer 7

macromolecules

Question 8

______ bonds hold bases to one another or enable sugar-phosphate backbone to interact with water

Answer 8

noncovalent bond

Question 9

_____ bonds are strong and require energy to form.

_____ bonds are weak and form spontaneously.

Answer 9

covalent bonds

noncovalent bonds

Question 10

_____ bonds and _____ bonds are examples of non covalent bonds.

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds

Question 11

___________ bonds work together to give macromolecules shape, structure, and function.

Answer 11

noncovalent bonds

Question 12

__________ and sugars are better known as carbohydrates.

Answer 12

polysaccharides

Question 13

______ is an energy storehouse in plants. ______ is an energy storehouse in animals.

Answer 13

starch (plants)

glycogen (animals)

Question 14

starch and glycogen are polymers made of ______.

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

glycogen breaks down into glucose for energy. a chemical reaction that converts a polymer of glycogen into monomers of glucose is called a ________ reaction.

Answer 15

hydrolysis reaction

Question 16

there are ____ kinds of amino acids? (how many)

Answer 16

20

Question 17

________ are linked together by dehydration reaction to form a covalent bond that is called a peptide bond.

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

______ and _____ are two types of nucleic acids found in cells.

Answer 18

DNA and RNA

Question 19

_____ are sometimes grouped with macromolecules, but they are NOT polymers. (not built from monomers joined by dehydration reaction)

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

a third class of lipids includes steroids, which includes ___________ and hormones _________/________.

Answer 20

cholesterol

testosterone/estrogen

Question 21

phospholipids/triglycerides are both made from ______ and _____.

Answer 21

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 22

______ is a type of sugar.

_______ are long hydrocarbon chains w/ carboxylic end.

Answer 22

glycerol

fatty acids

Question 23

fatty acids with _____ bonds between carbon atoms are called saturated fatty acids.
fatty acids with ___ bonds between carbon atoms are called unsaturated.

Answer 23

single (saturated)

double (unsaturated… lower melt temp)