Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Flashcards
Sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and nucleotides are small molecules called ___________. (25% of body)
macromolecules
name the three classes of macromolecules:
polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids
Every macromolecule is a ________ built by linking together small subunits, the subunits are called _______.
polymer
monomers
Match the macromolecule with the monomer.
sugar, proteins
amino acids, nucleic acids
nucleotides, polysaccharides
sugar, polysaccharides
amino acids, proteins
nucleotides, nucleic acids
polysaccharides are built from sugar molecules. The bond that holds one sugar to the next is a _______ bond.
covalent
forming a covalent bond by displacing a water molecule is called a _________ reaction.
dehydration (or condensation) reaction.
___________ are built by dehydration reactions with an input of energy that connects monomers to join via covalent bonds.
macromolecules
______ bonds hold bases to one another or enable sugar-phosphate backbone to interact with water
noncovalent bond
_____ bonds are strong and require energy to form.
_____ bonds are weak and form spontaneously.
covalent bonds
noncovalent bonds
_____ bonds and _____ bonds are examples of non covalent bonds.
hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds
___________ bonds work together to give macromolecules shape, structure, and function.
noncovalent bonds
__________ and sugars are better known as carbohydrates.
polysaccharides
______ is an energy storehouse in plants. ______ is an energy storehouse in animals.
starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)
starch and glycogen are polymers made of ______.
glucose
glycogen breaks down into glucose for energy. a chemical reaction that converts a polymer of glycogen into monomers of glucose is called a ________ reaction.
hydrolysis reaction
there are ____ kinds of amino acids? (how many)
20
________ are linked together by dehydration reaction to form a covalent bond that is called a peptide bond.
amino acids
______ and _____ are two types of nucleic acids found in cells.
DNA and RNA
_____ are sometimes grouped with macromolecules, but they are NOT polymers. (not built from monomers joined by dehydration reaction)
lipids
a third class of lipids includes steroids, which includes ___________ and hormones _________/________.
cholesterol
testosterone/estrogen
phospholipids/triglycerides are both made from ______ and _____.
fatty acids and glycerol
______ is a type of sugar.
_______ are long hydrocarbon chains w/ carboxylic end.
glycerol
fatty acids
fatty acids with _____ bonds between carbon atoms are called saturated fatty acids.
fatty acids with ___ bonds between carbon atoms are called unsaturated.
single (saturated)
double (unsaturated… lower melt temp)
