A&P of Respiratory System

Question 1

The ______ are the sites in the lower part of the lungs where gases are exchanged between the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Answer 1

alveoli

Question 2

The respiratory system works interdependently with the _________ system.

Answer 2

circulatory system.

Question 3

The process of aerating the lungs is known as _________. The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Answer 3

ventilation.

Question 4

The upper respiratory tract includes the: (7)

Answer 4

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, glottis, larynx.

Question 5

The lower respiratory tract begins at the ______ and extends into the lungs via repeated branching of _______ into bronchioles and ending at the _________, where gas exchange occurs.

Answer 5

trachea, bronchus, alveoli

Question 6

The lungs are divided into lobes:

three lobes on the ______ and two lobes on the _____.

Answer 6

3 Right

2 Left

Question 7

Each lobe of the lung is contained within a tough, protective double membrane called the _______, with ______ fluid in between.

Answer 7

pleura, pleura

Question 8

The lungs are housed within the _______ cavity.

Answer 8

pleural

Question 9

Air in the upper respiratory tract begins in the _____ and ______ and _______ where it is filtered, warmed and moistened.

Answer 9

nose and nasal cavity and mouth

Question 10

Air flows from the nasal and oral cavities into the _________, a pathway beginning in the back of the throat and ending at the glottis.

Answer 10

pharynx

Question 11

The _________ is a shared passageway for both air and food.

Answer 11

pharynx

Question 12

The glottis is the passageway for air through the vocal chords and leads to the ________, commonly called the voice box.

Answer 12

larynx

Question 13

Sound is produced in the _______ when air from the lungs is forced against the vocal chords.

Answer 13

larynx

Question 14

Oxygen flow continues from the larynx into the ______.

Answer 14

trachea

Question 15

The trachea splits into two main branches that enter the lungs as the right and left primary __________.

Answer 15

bronchi

Question 16

Primary bronchi branch repeatedly into smaller secondary and tertiary ________.

Answer 16

bronchi

Question 17

Tertiary bronchi again branch into microscopic tubes called __________.

Answer 17

bronchioles

Question 18

Bronchioles divide further until they terminate in the air sacs of the lungs known as the ________.

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

The walls of the _____ are a single layer of epithelial tissue, which allows for the _______ diffusion of gases in and out.

Answer 19

alveoli, simple diffusion

Question 20

The _________ and _______ in the brainstem monitor the levels of CO2 and pH in the blood.

Answer 20

medulla oblongata and pons

Question 21

increasing levels of _____ causes and increase in H+ ions, which makes the blood more acidic. This stimulates inhalation.

Answer 21

CO2

Question 22

During ________, the muscular diaphragm contracts, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and in turn causes the lung volume to increase.

Answer 22

inhalation

Question 23

During inhalation, the alveolar pressure inside the lungs _________, causing air to flow into the lungs.

Answer 23

decreases.

Question 24

air flows into the lungs and down the pressure gradients from _______ (outside lungs) to ____(inside lungs).

Answer 24

high to low

Question 25

The ______ volume is the amount of air entering the lungs during the normal breathing cycle.

Answer 25

tidal

Question 26

______ is a lipid mixture normally secreted by cells in the lungs, which reduces the surface tension, thus preventing the sides of the alveoli from sticking together and averting atelectasis.

Answer 26

Surfactant

Question 27

________ causes destruction of elastic lung tissue, resulting in greater-than-normal expansion of the lungs, as well as poor recoil and increased residual volume.

Answer 27

emphysema

Question 28

________, _________ and _________ cause increased resistance to lung expansion, resulting in a ____ compliance.

Answer 28

Asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer

low compliance

Question 29

Genetic factors, such as hereditary __________, dramatically impair lung compliance.

Answer 29

cystic fibrosis.
A recessive gene mutation causes the normally slippery mucous secreted in the lungs to become thick and sticky. This mucus can clog airways, leading to severe breathing problems & bacterial infections.

Question 30

contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles results in a decrease in ____________.

Answer 30

decrease in alveolar pressure

Question 31

Lung compliance is a measure of the ease of expanding the lungs. Which of the following conditions is compliance highest?

asthma?, bronchitis?, emphysema?, lung cancer?

Answer 31

emphysema