A&P of Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The cardiovascular/circulatory system is responsible for the movement of ______ and _____ around the body.

Answer 1

blood and lymph

Question 2

Blood and lymph permits _______ distribution, ______ removal, and ________.

Answer 2

nutrient distribution, waste removal, and protection

Question 3

The heart is a large muscular organ comprised of _______ tissue called ________ and is surrounded by a sac called the ___________.

Answer 3

cardiac tissue called myocardium, surrounded by pericardium sac.

Question 4

The atria and ventricle are separated by the ____________ valves.

Answer 4

atrioventricular

Question 5

The right side of the heart pumps _____ blood from the heart toward the lungs and is called the _________ system.

Answer 5

deoxygenated

pulmonary system

Question 6

The left side of the heart received ______ blood from the lungs and pumps it toward the rest of the body parts and is known as the _______ system.

Answer 6

oxygenated

systemic system

Question 7

________ are microscopic blood vessels that’s walls are only one cell thick.

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs between the _____ of the lungs and the _______ beds of the cardiovascular system.

Answer 8

alveoli and capillary beds

Question 9

Veins are connected to capillary beds via smaller branches called _________.

Answer 9

venules.

Question 10

Blood is composed of ______ and ______.

Answer 10

plasma and formed elements

Question 11

______ is a straw-colored liquid that contains war, immune proteins, and other nutrients.

Answer 11

Plasma

Question 12

The ________ are the erythrocytes (rbc’s), leukocytes (wbc’s), and platelets.

Answer 12

formed elements

Question 13

RBC’s are a major component of blood and contain the protein _________.

Answer 13

hemoglobin

Question 14

________ function in the immune response and defend the body against disease.

Answer 14

leukocytes (wbc’s)

Question 15

________ are responsible for the clotting mechanism.

Answer 15

Platelets

Question 16

Lymphatic vessels are linked to ________ and _________.

Answer 16

lymph nodes and lymphatic capillaries.

Question 17

____________ are entwined with cardiovascular capillaries and absorb excess tissue fluid and blood plasma that leaks from the capillaries.

Answer 17

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 18

_______ are concentrated in the neck, armpit, and groin, and contain __________, which seek out pathogens in the fluid.

Answer 18

Lymph nodes, contain lymphocytes

Question 19

The cardiac cycle begins with the triggering of an impulse within the ________, known as the pacemaker, which is located in the upper wall of the right atrium. Impulse spreading to the right and left atria causes them to contract and force blood into the ventricles.

The impulse then reaches the ____________, also in the right atrial wall, and travels along the atrioventricular bundle down the right and left branches of the septum and finally along the purkinje fibers in the wall of the ventricle, causing the filled ventricles to contract.

Answer 19

sinoatrial (SA) node

atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 20

Contraction of the atria followed by the ventricles is called _________,
which is followed by _________, a rest phase, when the chambers relax and refill.

Answer 20

systole

diastole

Question 21

External control of the heart is managed in the cardiac center of the brain and modulated by the hormones ________ and _________.

Answer 21

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 22

Closing of the AV valves makes the “___” sound (1st heart sound), and the closing of the semilunar valves makes the “__” sound.

Answer 22

AV “lub”

semilunar “dub”

Question 23

________ is a buildup of plaque in blood vessels that reduce the flow of blood through the vessels.

Answer 23

atherosclerosis.

Question 24

_______ can cause future of the smaller arterioles and capillaries possibly leading to a stroke.

Answer 24

high BP

Question 25

Explain the flow of blood in the pulmonary system.

Answer 25

pulmonary system receives O2 poor blood into the right atrium from the body via the superior/inferior vena cava. Contraction of the right atrium pumps blood through the right AV (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle. Contraction of the right ventricle pumps O2 poor blood up into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve and to the lungs. O2 rich blood from the lungs travels via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.

Question 26

Explain the flow of blood in the systemic system.

Answer 26

systemic system carries O2 rich blood when the left atrium contracts forcing blood through the left AV bicuspid, mitral) valve into the left ventricle. Contraction of the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve through the aorta towards the rest of the body.