A&P of GI System Flashcards
Smooth muscle involved in moving material through the digestive system is under _____________ nervous system control.
parasympathetic
5 steps in digestion
- ingestion
- digestion
- movement
- absorption
- elimination
Food enters through the mouth, where three pairs of salivary glands secrete saliva that contains _________, an enzyme that begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
amylase
The _______ is a cavity between the mouth and esophagus that serves as a passageway for food and air.
pharynx
The stomach mixes the boluses of food with gastric juices to form partially digested liquid called _______.
chyme
__________ is a mix of mucus, HCL, and digestive enzymes secreted by various cells of the stomach.
gastric juice
_______ cells secrete pepsinogen, in inactive form of pepsin used in protein digestion.
chief cells
________ is an enzyme which digests fats.
gastric lipase
______ cells in the gastric lining secrete mucous for protection against the highly acidic hydrogen chloride.
goblet cells
The hormone _______ acts to stimulate the secretion of gastric juices, and the hormone _______ stimulates the appetite and promotes storage of fats.
gastin
ghrelin
name the three major regions of the small intestine.
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
The ______ is the short section attached to the pyloric sphincter of the stomach.
duodenum
as chyme leaves the stomach, it is acted upon by enzymes from the ________, _______, and _______.
liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
The _____ produces alkaline bile secreted via the gall bladder to aid in the emulsification and breakdown of fats.
liver
The _____ secretes pancreatic juice, which is a mix of water, salts, bicarb, and digestive enzymes.
pancreas
Bicarbonate within the duodenum neutralizes acidic chyme, and the enzymatic digestion of fats by ______, starches by ______, and proteins by _______.
lipase
amylase
trypsin
The _______ is also an endocrine gland. It secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon for the control of blood glucose levels.
pancreas
Absorption of nutrients, including B12 occurs in the multiple folds (villi/microvilli) of the ______ and _____ as the chyme is pushed through via peristalsis.
jejunum and ileum
From the small intestine, blood carrying nutrients passes to the liver through the _____________, allowing the liver to metabolize consumed toxins and store glucose as glycogen.
hepatic portal duct
The _______ includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
large intestines
name the four sections of the colon.
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
