A&P of GI System

Question 1

Smooth muscle involved in moving material through the digestive system is under _____________ nervous system control.

Answer 1

parasympathetic

Question 2

5 steps in digestion

Answer 2

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. movement
4. absorption
5. elimination

Question 3

Food enters through the mouth, where three pairs of salivary glands secrete saliva that contains _________, an enzyme that begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

Answer 3

amylase

Question 4

The _______ is a cavity between the mouth and esophagus that serves as a passageway for food and air.

Answer 4

pharynx

Question 5

The stomach mixes the boluses of food with gastric juices to form partially digested liquid called _______.

Answer 5

chyme

Question 6

__________ is a mix of mucus, HCL, and digestive enzymes secreted by various cells of the stomach.

Answer 6

gastric juice

Question 7

_______ cells secrete pepsinogen, in inactive form of pepsin used in protein digestion.

Answer 7

chief cells

Question 8

________ is an enzyme which digests fats.

Answer 8

gastric lipase

Question 9

______ cells in the gastric lining secrete mucous for protection against the highly acidic hydrogen chloride.

Answer 9

goblet cells

Question 10

The hormone _______ acts to stimulate the secretion of gastric juices, and the hormone _______ stimulates the appetite and promotes storage of fats.

Answer 10

gastin

ghrelin

Question 11

name the three major regions of the small intestine.

Answer 11

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 12

The ______ is the short section attached to the pyloric sphincter of the stomach.

Answer 12

duodenum

Question 13

as chyme leaves the stomach, it is acted upon by enzymes from the ________, _______, and _______.

Answer 13

liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Question 14

The _____ produces alkaline bile secreted via the gall bladder to aid in the emulsification and breakdown of fats.

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

The _____ secretes pancreatic juice, which is a mix of water, salts, bicarb, and digestive enzymes.

Answer 15

pancreas

Question 16

Bicarbonate within the duodenum neutralizes acidic chyme, and the enzymatic digestion of fats by ______, starches by ______, and proteins by _______.

Answer 16

lipase
amylase
trypsin

Question 17

The _______ is also an endocrine gland. It secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon for the control of blood glucose levels.

Answer 17

pancreas

Question 18

Absorption of nutrients, including B12 occurs in the multiple folds (villi/microvilli) of the ______ and _____ as the chyme is pushed through via peristalsis.

Answer 18

jejunum and ileum

Question 19

From the small intestine, blood carrying nutrients passes to the liver through the _____________, allowing the liver to metabolize consumed toxins and store glucose as glycogen.

Answer 19

hepatic portal duct

Question 20

The _______ includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Answer 20

large intestines

Question 21

name the four sections of the colon.

Answer 21

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid