A&P of Neuromuscular System

Question 1

CNS consists of the _______ and _______.

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

the PNS consists of an extensive network of ___________.

Answer 2

spinal nerves

Question 3

spinal nerves carry ____________ information towards the spinal cord and brain and __________ information away from the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 3

sensory/afferent

motor/efferent

Question 4

once a stimulus is processed in the CNS, the peripheral motor nerves send efferent impulses to both ________ and _______ divisions of the nervous system to carry out a response.

Answer 4

somatic and autonomic

Question 5

______ division is voluntary and controls the skeletal muscles of the body.

Answer 5

somatic

Question 6

________ division is involuntary and controls the visceral or cardiac muscles of organ systems.

Answer 6

autonomic or visceral

Question 7

information gathered, processed, and passed to muscles travels as electrical impulses of the nervous system along specialized cells called ________.

Answer 7

neurons

Question 8

The anatomy of a typical neuron includes a _______, a nucleus and most organelles, and _____ that extend from the body.

Answer 8

cell body

nerve fibers

Question 9

Nerve fibers are dendrites and axons.
______ are receptor extensions that receive nerve impulse.
______ is a long singular tail-like extension, which sends impulses from the neuron body to the branching axon terminal.

Answer 9

dendrites

axons

Question 10

Once nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal, it stimulates the release of chemical neurotransmitters into a gap structure known as the _______.

Answer 10

synapse

Question 11

_______ is the structure that allows neurons to pass signals on to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Answer 11

synapse

Question 12

_______ neurons carry afferent impulses towards the CNS, and ______ neurons carry efferent impulses from the CNS out to muscles.

Answer 12

sensory

motor

Question 13

Muscle fibers contain countless smaller myofibrils. Name the two types of contractile protein filaments in myofibrils.

Answer 13

actin (thin)

myosin (thick)

Question 14

The ______ division of the neuromuscular system controls the contraction/relaxation of visceral reflexes.

Answer 14

autonomic

Question 15

In ______, the motor neurons degenerate and die, leading to loss of voluntary muscle movement.

Answer 15

ALS

Question 16

________ is a group of genetic disorders in which abnormal genes interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscles.

Answer 16

Muscular dystrophy

Question 17

with ____ and _______, both voluntary and involuntary muscles are compromised.

Answer 17

ALS

muscular dystrophy