A&P of Immune System

Question 1

_______ serve as identification badges that allow the immune system to detect pathogens and trigger a defensive immune response.

Answer 1

antigens

Question 2

_______ are the immune systems response to foreign agents that are not pathogens.

Answer 2

allergies

Question 3

_______ line of defense is the external aspect of the innate immune system and does not defend against specific pathogens.
(includes skin, hair, earwax, salt on skin, and eye-cleansing tears).

Answer 3

first

Question 4

the ______ immune system

Answer 4

innate

Question 5

________ line of defense is the internal aspect of the innate immune system, which has nonspecific responses such as inflammation, production of interferon, and ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes. .

Answer 5

second

Question 6

WBCs ingest pathogens by phagocytosis, one type of large phagocytic WBC’s is the ____________.

Answer 6

macrophage

Question 7

macrophage is able to put parts of the ingested antigens on its cell membrane to alert patrolling ______ cells. macrophages becomes antigen-presenting cell.

Answer 7

T cells

Question 8

macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells can become ________________.

Answer 8

antigen-presenting cells (APC’s)

Question 9

macrophages produce cell signaling molecules called _______, which broadcast location of pathogens to other WBC’s.

Answer 9

cytokines

Question 10

the innate immune system produces ________, which triggers capillary permeability and vasodilation, which can make more WBC’s leak from capillaries

Answer 10

histamine

Question 11

________ is the resulting redness, swelling, heat, and pain in a defense by innate immunity.

Answer 11

inflammation

Question 12

some WBC’s secrete _________, that inhibit virus replication.

Answer 12

interferons

Question 13

external and internal innate immune systems operate at a ________ rate in response to pathogens.
(if “innate,” at birth.)

Answer 13

quickly

Question 14

______ line of defense is adaptive immune system, cellular responses triggered by internal presence of specific antigen.

Answer 14

third

Question 15

________ immune system develops specific defenses to particular antigens, deals with perceived pathogens.

Answer 15

adaptive

Question 16

adaptive immune system deals with perceived pathogens at a ______ rate in response to pathogens. once defense is created, memory triggers fast response.

Answer 16

slow

Question 17

_________ are WBC’s that include natural killer cells, B-cells, T-cells.

Answer 17

lymphocytes

Question 18

T-cells mature in the ______. mature T-cells become _________.

Answer 18

thymus

helper T-cells

Question 19

___________ secrete interleukins, a messenger that triggers __________ to attack foreign cells.

Answer 19

helper T-cells

cytotoxic T-cells

Question 20

T-cells that become _______ cells respond quickly to antigen upon re-exposure of the pathogen a second time.

Answer 20

memory cells

Question 21

memory cells are involved in ___________, a type of adaptive immunity where T lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissues, or cells containing pathogens.

Answer 21

cell-mediated immunity

Question 22

one role of the helper T-cell is to activate ______ cells.

Answer 22

B-cells

Question 23

______ cells are a lymphocyte that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens.

Answer 23

B-cells

Question 24

B-cells multiply rapidly into cells called ______ cells, that produce and secrete large amounts of antibody against specific antigen.

Answer 24

plasma cells

Question 25

an example of ___________ immunity is when an antibody tags pathogen for later destruction.

Answer 25

antibody-mediated immunity

Question 26

temporary __________ immunity can be gained through placenta, breast milk, or artificial serum containing antibody.

Answer 26

passive immunity

Question 27

_______ immunity is protection against specific pathogen, resulting from production of antibodies in response to presence of specific antigens.

Answer 27

active