A&P of Immune System Flashcards
_______ serve as identification badges that allow the immune system to detect pathogens and trigger a defensive immune response.
antigens
_______ are the immune systems response to foreign agents that are not pathogens.
allergies
_______ line of defense is the external aspect of the innate immune system and does not defend against specific pathogens.
(includes skin, hair, earwax, salt on skin, and eye-cleansing tears).
first
the ______ immune system
innate
________ line of defense is the internal aspect of the innate immune system, which has nonspecific responses such as inflammation, production of interferon, and ingestion of pathogens by phagocytes. .
second
WBCs ingest pathogens by phagocytosis, one type of large phagocytic WBC’s is the ____________.
macrophage
macrophage is able to put parts of the ingested antigens on its cell membrane to alert patrolling ______ cells. macrophages becomes antigen-presenting cell.
T cells
macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells can become ________________.
antigen-presenting cells (APC’s)
macrophages produce cell signaling molecules called _______, which broadcast location of pathogens to other WBC’s.
cytokines
the innate immune system produces ________, which triggers capillary permeability and vasodilation, which can make more WBC’s leak from capillaries
histamine
________ is the resulting redness, swelling, heat, and pain in a defense by innate immunity.
inflammation
some WBC’s secrete _________, that inhibit virus replication.
interferons
external and internal innate immune systems operate at a ________ rate in response to pathogens.
(if “innate,” at birth.)
quickly
______ line of defense is adaptive immune system, cellular responses triggered by internal presence of specific antigen.
third
________ immune system develops specific defenses to particular antigens, deals with perceived pathogens.
adaptive
adaptive immune system deals with perceived pathogens at a ______ rate in response to pathogens. once defense is created, memory triggers fast response.
slow
_________ are WBC’s that include natural killer cells, B-cells, T-cells.
lymphocytes
T-cells mature in the ______. mature T-cells become _________.
thymus
helper T-cells
___________ secrete interleukins, a messenger that triggers __________ to attack foreign cells.
helper T-cells
cytotoxic T-cells
T-cells that become _______ cells respond quickly to antigen upon re-exposure of the pathogen a second time.
memory cells
memory cells are involved in ___________, a type of adaptive immunity where T lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissues, or cells containing pathogens.
cell-mediated immunity
one role of the helper T-cell is to activate ______ cells.
B-cells
______ cells are a lymphocyte that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens.
B-cells
B-cells multiply rapidly into cells called ______ cells, that produce and secrete large amounts of antibody against specific antigen.
plasma cells
an example of ___________ immunity is when an antibody tags pathogen for later destruction.
antibody-mediated immunity
temporary __________ immunity can be gained through placenta, breast milk, or artificial serum containing antibody.
passive immunity
_______ immunity is protection against specific pathogen, resulting from production of antibodies in response to presence of specific antigens.
active
