Chpter 7 Flashcards
Mood disorders are characterized by what two key moods?
Mania and Depression
Mood disorders can be classified into what two groups?
Unipolar/Bipolar
Unipolar disorders cause only…
depressive episodes
Depressive episodes can be and often are…
normal/adaptive
What are some diatheses for unipolar depressive disorders?
Early adversity, neuroticism/introversion
Early adversity can lead to what if it is combined with neuroendocrine resistance or social support?
Early adversity
Bipolar disorders cause…
cycles of depressive and manic episodes
Cyclothmia is…
a milder or subthreshold form of bipolar disorder
What is required for being diagnosed with cyclothmia?
Experiencing highs/lows for at least two years with no more than 2 symptom free months (for children 1 year)
What are the two types of bipolar disorders?
I - one manic or mixed episode
II - hypomaniac episodes but not full-blown manic episodes
How does bipolar disorder differ in males/females?
It doesnt - equal effect
In those with bipolar disorder, how often are the depressive episodes?
Occur 3x as often as manic episodes
What could be the causes of bipolar disorder?
Genetics
Parent with bipolar disorder leads to 15-25% chance of having the condition, non-identical twin leads to 25% chance, identical leads to 8x risk of nonidentical
Why would cortisol levels effect bipolar disorder?
Shifting levels of blood to the prerontal cortex
How often does bipolar disorder occur?
15-20x more than schizo
What are bowlby’s four phases of grief?
Numbing/Disbelief, Yearning/Searching, Disorganization, Reorganization
Postpartum depression occurs how often in women?
50-70% experience the blues within 10 days of giving birth
Dysthmic disorder
Peristent, nonmajor depressive disorder hallmarked by chronicity (4-5 years)
Major depressive order is characterized by what?
Melancholy that is worse in morning
Psychosis
Atypical features such as weight gain, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis
Catatonic features
Major depressive disorder comes how often/long?
Typically lasts longer than 2 years OR comes seasonally
How much more common is MDD among relatives?
2-3x
Focus of neurotransmitter research is now on…
how neurotransmitters affect cellular functioning
Depressed individuals show what on EEGs?
Lower levels of activity in left hemisphere and higher in right
Beck’s Cognitive Theory
Depressogenic schemas form, negative cognitive biases maintain cognitive triad (all/none reasoning, selective abstraction, arbitrary inference)
