Chpter 7

Question 1

Mood disorders are characterized by what two key moods?

Answer 1

Mania and Depression

Question 2

Mood disorders can be classified into what two groups?

Answer 2

Unipolar/Bipolar

Question 3

Unipolar disorders cause only…

Answer 3

depressive episodes

Question 4

Depressive episodes can be and often are…

Answer 4

normal/adaptive

Question 5

What are some diatheses for unipolar depressive disorders?

Answer 5

Early adversity, neuroticism/introversion

Question 6

Early adversity can lead to what if it is combined with neuroendocrine resistance or social support?

Answer 6

Early adversity

Question 7

Bipolar disorders cause…

Answer 7

cycles of depressive and manic episodes

Question 8

Cyclothmia is…

Answer 8

a milder or subthreshold form of bipolar disorder

Question 9

What is required for being diagnosed with cyclothmia?

Answer 9

Experiencing highs/lows for at least two years with no more than 2 symptom free months (for children 1 year)

Question 10

What are the two types of bipolar disorders?

Answer 10

I - one manic or mixed episode

II - hypomaniac episodes but not full-blown manic episodes

Question 11

How does bipolar disorder differ in males/females?

Answer 11

It doesnt - equal effect

Question 12

In those with bipolar disorder, how often are the depressive episodes?

Answer 12

Occur 3x as often as manic episodes

Question 13

What could be the causes of bipolar disorder?

Answer 13

Genetics
Parent with bipolar disorder leads to 15-25% chance of having the condition, non-identical twin leads to 25% chance, identical leads to 8x risk of nonidentical

Question 14

Why would cortisol levels effect bipolar disorder?

Answer 14

Shifting levels of blood to the prerontal cortex

Question 15

How often does bipolar disorder occur?

Answer 15

15-20x more than schizo

Question 16

What are bowlby’s four phases of grief?

Answer 16

Numbing/Disbelief, Yearning/Searching, Disorganization, Reorganization

Question 17

Postpartum depression occurs how often in women?

Answer 17

50-70% experience the blues within 10 days of giving birth

Question 18

Dysthmic disorder

Answer 18

Peristent, nonmajor depressive disorder hallmarked by chronicity (4-5 years)

Question 19

Major depressive order is characterized by what?

Answer 19

Melancholy that is worse in morning
Psychosis
Atypical features such as weight gain, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis
Catatonic features

Question 20

Major depressive disorder comes how often/long?

Answer 20

Typically lasts longer than 2 years OR comes seasonally

Question 21

How much more common is MDD among relatives?

Answer 21

2-3x

Question 22

Focus of neurotransmitter research is now on…

Answer 22

how neurotransmitters affect cellular functioning

Question 23

Depressed individuals show what on EEGs?

Answer 23

Lower levels of activity in left hemisphere and higher in right

Question 24

Beck’s Cognitive Theory

Answer 24

Depressogenic schemas form, negative cognitive biases maintain cognitive triad (all/none reasoning, selective abstraction, arbitrary inference)

Question 25

What are some treatments for major depressive disorder?

Answer 25

Lithium, ECT, TMS, deep brain stimulation, bright light therapy, CBT

Question 26

What are the five states of sleep?

Answer 26

1-4 NONREM 5 REM