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Psychology 4001 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of risk factors for abnormal behavior includes what three causes?

A

Necessary Cause
Sufficient Cause
Contributory Cause

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2
Q

Necessary Cause

A

If Y occurs, X must have preceded

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3
Q

Sufficient Cause

A

If X occurs, then Y will also occur

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4
Q

Contributory Cause

A

If X occurs, then the probability of Y increases

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5
Q

Bidirectionality refers to what concept?

A

Did X cause Y, or Y cause X?

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6
Q

Diathesis

A

Relatively distal necessary or contributory cause that ISN’T sufficient to cause the disorder

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7
Q

Stress

A

Response of an organism to environmental stimulus

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8
Q

Distal causal factors occur…

A

Far in the past

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9
Q

Proximal causal factors occur…

A

Recently

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10
Q

What causes the many competing explanations for how abnormal behavior is created?

A

Complexity of the brain (100B neurons with 15k dendrites/neuron)

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11
Q

Biological Viewpoint

A
  1. Neurotransmitter and Hormonal Abnormalities
  2. Genetics
  3. Temperament
  4. Brain Dysfunction and Neural Plasticity
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12
Q

What does the Biological Viewpoint say about Neurotransmitter and Hormonal Abnormalities?

A

Has been proven to cause abnormal behavior (Ex. Craddock’s PMS)

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13
Q

What are the two main contributing factors to schizophrenia?

A

Too much dopamine/not enough glutamate

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14
Q

What does the Biological Viewpoint say about genetics?

A

Genetic influences are rooted in hundreds of genes, but can make significant difference

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15
Q

What causes Down Syndrome?

A

Chromosome 21 translocation, or having three copies of chromosome 21

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16
Q

In what ways can genes be unfolded by their environment?

A

Passive (talking to kids is good for them), evocative (verbal children cause people to talk to them), Active (child may embrace talking and join debate team)

17
Q

What are the traditional ways of studying genetic influences?

A

Family History
Twin Method
Adoption Method

18
Q

What does the Biological Viewpoint say about temperament?

A

Reactivity and characteristic ways at early age forms basis from which personality develops

19
Q

At 2-3 months of age, what dimensions of temperament can be identified?

A 
Fearfulness
Irritability and Frustration
Positive Affect
Activity Level
Attentional Persistence
20
Q

What are the dimensions of temperament strongly related to?

A

Dimensions of adult personality:
Neuroticism or negative emotionality
Extraversion or positive emotionality
Constraint

21
Q

The Behavioral/Cognitive Viewpoint is based on what?

A

Classical conditioning, focusing on how thoughts and processing are distorted

22
Q

What are the three concepts that the Behavioral/Cognitive viewpoint separates thought processing into?

A
  1. Schema, or underlying systems built for processing
  2. Attributions, or the process of assigning causes to things that happen
  3. Attributional style, or the characteristic way that one assigns causes to good or bad events
23
Q

Generalization of response refers to what?

A

If a response is conditioned to one stimulus, it can be evoked by other similar stimuli

24
Q

Discrimination of response refers to what?

A

Learning to distinguish between similar stimuli

25
Q

The Sociocultural Viewpoint focuses on what?

A

Impact of culture (sociocultural level, prejudice)

26
Q

Freud theorized that a person’s behavior results as a reaction of what three facets of the psyche?

A
  1. ID
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
27
Q

ID

A

Life force v Death wish

28
Q

Ego

A

Mediates the demands of the ID with realities of the external world (interhemispheric interaction)

29
Q

Superego

A

Morality acquired from society

30
Q

What did Freud theorize that people use to handle moral anxiety?

A 
Ego defense mechanisms:
Displacement
Fixation
Projection
Rationalizations
Sublimation (channeling)
Regression
31
Q

What are the five psychosexual stages of development that Freud theorized?

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

OAPLG

32
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

Warm, but moderate on control (good kids)

33
Q

Authoritarian Parenting

A

Highly controlled (conflicted and moody kids)

34
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

Highly warm, no control (kids impulsive and aggressive)

35
Q

Neglectful Parenting

A

(kids impulsive with no self esteem)

Psychology 4001 (9 decks)

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