Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

All anxiety disorders have what in common?

A

Unrealistic fears or anxieties of disabling intensities as their principle manifestation

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2
Q

What are the anxiety disorder types recognized by the DSM-5?

A

Specific phobia, social anxiety, panic, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety

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3
Q

Biological causal factors of anxiety disorders could include:

A

Predisposition to neuroticism, brain structure disorders (limbic system), neurotransmitter levels (gamma acid, adrenaline, serotonin)

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4
Q

Psychological causal factors of anxiety could include:

A

Conditioning of fear/panic to a range of stimuli

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5
Q

We are more likely to acquire phobias to those things that…

A

we SHOULD be afraid of already.

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6
Q

Phobia

A

Persistent and disproportionate fear for some specific object that presents little or no actual danger

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7
Q

What are the three types of phobias?

A

Specific
Biological
Social

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8
Q

Specific phobias can include…

A

Animals, natural envoronment, effluvia (blood injection), situational (train), other (clowns)

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9
Q

What can cause specific phobias?

A

Mirror neuron theory/referred fear from ID

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10
Q

Carriers of one of two variants on what gene shows superior fear conditioning?

A

Serotonin-transporter gene

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11
Q

What can treatments for specific phobias include?

A

Systematic desensitization, participant modeling, virtual reality, cognitive techniques

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12
Q

Social phobias stem from…

A

Fear of exposure to scrutiny

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13
Q

Causal factors of social phobias can be…

A

Learned through early negative social experiences/evolutionary due to us being sensitive to what other’s think/cognitive biases towards negative experiences/uncontrollability

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14
Q

What points to a biological cause of social phobia?

A

Phobias show up very early, prenatal kicking correlated with extroversion

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15
Q

What methods are used to treat social phobias?

A

Cognitive therapy (mirrors feat. Smalley), behavior therapy (focus diversion), medications (MAOI/SSRI very effective)

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16
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear involving being outside the home

17
Q

How long must agoraphobia be present for diagnosis?

A

6+months

18
Q

What can be used to treat agoraphobia?

A

Benzos, behavior therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatments

19
Q

What percentage of people with a panic disorder have at least one comorbid disorder?

A

`83%

20
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder is marked by what?

A

State of chronic worry, restlessness, poor concentration, and easy fatigue

21
Q

OCD is classified based on…

A

types of obsessions/compulsions

22
Q

Obsessions…

A

Contamination fears, harming self or others, lack of symmetry, sexual obsessions, etc.

23
Q

Compulstions…

A

cleaning, checking, repeating, ordering, counting

24
Q

Fulfilling compulsions does what for the client?

A

Helps to bring a sense of peace

25
Q

What are the psychological causes of OCD?

A

Classical conditioning, preparedness theory

26
Q

PET scans show what about those with OCD?

A

Abnormally high levels of activity in two parts of the frontal cortex and subcortical caudate nucleus

27
Q

What are the treatments for OCD?

A

Exposure/response prevention, drugs

28
Q

BDD causes what?

A

Imagined laws in appearance

29
Q

BDD affects…

A

Both genders equally

30
Q

How is BDD treated?

A

Through CBT