Chapter 5 Flashcards
All anxiety disorders have what in common?
Unrealistic fears or anxieties of disabling intensities as their principle manifestation
What are the anxiety disorder types recognized by the DSM-5?
Specific phobia, social anxiety, panic, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety
Biological causal factors of anxiety disorders could include:
Predisposition to neuroticism, brain structure disorders (limbic system), neurotransmitter levels (gamma acid, adrenaline, serotonin)
Psychological causal factors of anxiety could include:
Conditioning of fear/panic to a range of stimuli
We are more likely to acquire phobias to those things that…
we SHOULD be afraid of already.
Phobia
Persistent and disproportionate fear for some specific object that presents little or no actual danger
What are the three types of phobias?
Specific
Biological
Social
Specific phobias can include…
Animals, natural envoronment, effluvia (blood injection), situational (train), other (clowns)
What can cause specific phobias?
Mirror neuron theory/referred fear from ID
Carriers of one of two variants on what gene shows superior fear conditioning?
Serotonin-transporter gene
What can treatments for specific phobias include?
Systematic desensitization, participant modeling, virtual reality, cognitive techniques
Social phobias stem from…
Fear of exposure to scrutiny
Causal factors of social phobias can be…
Learned through early negative social experiences/evolutionary due to us being sensitive to what other’s think/cognitive biases towards negative experiences/uncontrollability
What points to a biological cause of social phobia?
Phobias show up very early, prenatal kicking correlated with extroversion
What methods are used to treat social phobias?
Cognitive therapy (mirrors feat. Smalley), behavior therapy (focus diversion), medications (MAOI/SSRI very effective)
Agoraphobia
Fear involving being outside the home
How long must agoraphobia be present for diagnosis?
6+months
What can be used to treat agoraphobia?
Benzos, behavior therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatments
What percentage of people with a panic disorder have at least one comorbid disorder?
`83%
Generalized anxiety disorder is marked by what?
State of chronic worry, restlessness, poor concentration, and easy fatigue
OCD is classified based on…
types of obsessions/compulsions
Obsessions…
Contamination fears, harming self or others, lack of symmetry, sexual obsessions, etc.
Compulstions…
cleaning, checking, repeating, ordering, counting
Fulfilling compulsions does what for the client?
Helps to bring a sense of peace
