Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are some of the elements of abnormal behavior?
Suffering, maladaptiveness, violation of societal standards, irrationality, dangerousness
What are some of the elements of abnormal behavior?
Suffering, maladaptiveness, violation of societal standards, irrationality, dangerousness
Why must we try to classify mental disorders?
- Creates nomenclature that aids in study
2. Social/political reasons
What is Tijin Kyofusho?
A culture-specific disorder (japan) causing severe anxiety about bodily functions offending other people
What is Ataque de Nervios?
A culture-specific disorder causing loss of emotional control (crying, trembling, screaming) after a stressful event
What causes Ataque de Nervios?
Likely extreme poverty
What is the DSM-5 definition of mental disorder?
- Biological/psychological dysfunction
- Clinically significant disturbance in behavior
- Associated stress or disability
(cyclical, 3 can cause 1)
Pareidolia
the psychological phenomenon that causes a vague and random stimulus to be perceived as significant
Pareidolia is a form of…
apophenia
Prevalence counts…
how many people have a disease at x time
Incidence counts…
how many people have caught a disease within x amount of time
Vast majority of psychological treatment is done…
on an outpatient basis
Psychiatrists are…
MDs who diagnose severe mental health issues and prescribe meds
Clinical psychologists are…
trained to diagnose and treat severe mental disorders without meds
Clinical social workers primarily help people do what?
Develop life skills
Etiology
Cause of a disease
Are case studies effective?
Rarely - highly subject to research bias and often not very generalizable
Is self-reported data reliable?
If participant is very sure of anonymity, yes.
How can we increase the accuracy of self-reported data?
Having a large sample size
What kinds of examinations would be classified under “observational approaches”?
Watching people, taking brain images, etc
Internal validity verifies that…
the study being done is methodologically sound
External validity verifies that…
the sample group chosen is generalizable
Positive correlation shows that…
x corresponds with y
Negative correlation shows that…
x doesn’t correspond with y
