Chpt 8 Flashcards
Is one of the oldest an simplest building materials it’s use dates back thousands of years
Masonry
Are also known as concrete masonry units
Concrete blocks
Hollow concrete blocks are produced in a number of sizes and shapes, the most common is the nominal
8X8X16 inch block
Consists of pieces of rock that have been removed from a quarry and cut to the size and shape desired
Stone masonry
The mass of masonry wall is significant to fire personnel because nonreinforced masonry walls can _____ when a building becomes heavily involved in fire, thus posing a serious safety risk to emergency responders.
Topple
The primary function of _____ is to bond the individual masonry units into a solid mass.
Mortar
The _____, however, can be the weakest part of the wall
Mortar joints
Most ____ is produced from a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water.
Mortar
Masonry can be used to construct bearing walls that provide the basic structural-support for a building. These walls are known as
Bearing walls
In contemporary practice, when a building is to be more than three or four stories tall, the use of a steel or concrete structural frame is usually more economical than erecting a
Nonreinforced masonry bearing wall
When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side by side in a horizontal layer known as a
Course
The horizontal courses of brick are laid on top of each other in a vertical layer known as a
Wythe
A brick wythe is commonly used in combination with a concrete block wythe. Such a design is referred to as
Concrete block brick face CBBF
When bricks are placed end to end, they create a
Stretcher course
If bricks are placed vertically on end, a ____ is created
Soldier course
One means of providing a horizontal bond between the wythe is to place a course of bricks across two wythes with the ends of the brick facing out. A course of bricks laid out in this manner is known as a
Header course
An exterior brick wall often is constructed with a vertical cavity between the exterior wythe and the interior wythes. Such a wall is known as a
Cavity wall
Masonry walls are reinforced to permit a taller building or to provide lateral stability against horizontal forces such as
Seismic shock
A _____ is a beam over an opening in a masonry wall
Lintel
are the most common methods of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls
Lintels
A _____ is an extension of a masonry or steel wall that projects above the roof.
Parapet
Are found on exterior masonry walls and fire walls of buildings with combustible roofs
Parapets
Parapets project from _____ or more above the roof, usually without lateral support
1 to 3 feet
This type of construction was so commonplace in the 19th and earlier part of the 20th century that it bears the designation______
Ordinary construction type 3
In many applications such as residential and small commercial buildings wood joists or beams simply rest on the masonry wall in indentation known as a
Beam pocket
The end of a wood joist or beam will be cut at a slight angle. This angle is known as a
Fire cut
The purpose of a_____ is to allow the beam to fall away freely from a wall in the case of structural collapse
Fire cut
In commercial buildings are frequently supported on pilasters
Wood roof trusses
Buildings of ordinary construction, such as those with masonry exterior walls and wood joisted interior framing, are classified as ____ in building codes
Type 3 construction
Any structural deterioration that may have occurred before a fire will contribute to _____ under fire conditions
Structural failure
Despite the basic structural qualities of masonry construction, ____ of a masonry building is possible if it becomes heavily involved in fire
Total collapse
Masonry walls usually collapse as a result of the collapse of the
Interior framing
Collapsing interior floor or roof members can exert horizontal forces against a wall and push the wall
Outward
A collapsing roof may dislodge only a parapet or an entire wall. Fire fighters should always assume that if a wall collapses it will fall out from the building a distance _____
At least equal to the height of the wall
Because intersecting masonry walls tend to support each other, the corners of the building or other points of intersection, such as _____ will be the strongest points in a masonry structure
Stairwells or elevator shafts
The exterior fire resistive walls of masonry construction do more than provide structural support; they also tend to reduce the communication of fire from
Structure to structure
A masonry building is sometimes provided with a decorative false front or
Fascia
A _____ forms a projection beyond the building wall that creates a concealed space through which a fire can communicate
Mansard style fascia
Is a type of masonry construction in which the exterior bearing walls are constructed of brick and the interior structural framing is of solid or laminated wood
Mill construction heavy timber
There are two characteristics that distinguish mill construction from type 3 masonry construction.
They are the dimensions of the wood structural members and the fact that combustible concealed spaces are not permitted
The advantageous features of mill construction, however, can be significantly lessened when a mill building under goes a
Change of occupancy
