Chpt 11 Flashcards
Are the easiest roofs on which firefighters can work
Flat roofs
Have inclined surfaces
Pitched roofs
Have a slope of up to 3 to 12 meaning for each 12 units of horizontal dimension the roof slopes upward 3 units
Low slope roofs
Have slopes of 4/12 to 12/12
Medium to high slope roofs
The simplest pitched roof is the ____ that slopes in only one direction
Shed roof
The _____ is a very common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a ridge
Gable roof
The _____ slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof
Hip roof
Slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side.
Gambrel roofs
Are functional because the space created by the roof can be used as an attic or living space
Gambrel roof
A_____ has the break in the slope of the roof on all four sides
Mansard roof
The ____ is a roof style that slopes in two directions basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves
Butterfly roof
A___ is designed to provide light and ventilation
Monitor roof
The vertical sides of this monitor section, which are normally openable windows, are known as
Clerestories
We’re also once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation
Sawtooth roofs
A ____ is designed to shed water and snow
Pitched roof
The pitch of a roof presents a major hazard to firefighters because the steepness of the roof results in a
Lack of secure footing
Curved roofs are most frequently supported by
Arches and bowstring trusses
When the area to be enclosed by the roof is circular, a____ can be used
Dome roof
A dome can be thought of as an _____
Arch rotated 360 degrees
A _____produces structural forces similar to those of an arch
Dome roof
More architecturally spectacular curved roofs can be created using geodesic domes or
Lamella arches
The ____ is a special form of arched roof
Lamella arch
The short lamellas are bolted together in a diagonal pattern with a special plate known as a
Lamella washer
A____ is created using spherical triangulation
Geodesic dome
A____ is frequently provided in buildings with pitched roofs to increase the usable space in attic by increasing the light and ventilation.
Dormer
Several methods are used to support flat roofs. The simplest system uses ordinary wood joists supported at either end by a
Load bearing wall
The traditional wood joist roof uses solid wood joists that tend to lose their strength gradually as they burn. This loss of strength results in the roofs becoming soft or spongy before failure, especially with a
Wood plank roof deck
Therefore in general, firefighters should view any indication of advanced or heavy fire development as a warning sign that
The roof is wearing
Fireproofing can be omitted from roof supports when the roof is located more than _____ above the floor in an assembly occupancy
20 ft
A variation of the flat roof is a type known as the
Inverted roof
Are the inclined joists used to support some type of pitched roofs
Rafters
Are the standard supports used in shed, gable, hip, gambrel, and mansard style roofs, although trusses can also be used for these roof types
Rafters
Are very common roof support system
Trusses
That is, all of its chords and diagonal members lie in the same plane
Monoplane trusses
Which use a curved top chord, were once commonly used for roofs and many remain in use
Bowstring trusses
This assembly uses split ring connectors at all joints except the heel plates located at the ends of the truss
Bowstring trusses
The _____ trusses are the most commonly types used for pitched roofs
Fink and Pratt style trusses
The ____ is the portion of roof construction to which the roof covering or roofing is applied
Deck of a roof
Corrugated steel decking can be used with a sheet of flat steel welded to the bottom to form
Cellar decking
The ____ provides the water resistant barrier for the roof system
Roof coverings
In addition to the roof decking previously described, a flat roof usually consists of several component layers that include the following
Vapor barrier Thermal insulation Roofing membrane Drainage layer Wear course
The _____ is designed to reduce the diffusion of interior moisture into the insulation layer.
Vapor barrier
The _____ reduces heat loss through the roof
Thermal insulation
The _____ of a roof consists of water proof material that keeps rain out and snow from the interior of the building
Membrane
Use several overlapping layers of roofing felt saturated with a bituminous material that may be either tar or asphalt
Built up membranes
A______roof consists of a single membrane laid in sheets on the roof deck
Single ply membrane
Single ply membranes are made from several materials. The most common is the synthetic rubber material, ________
Ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM
The ____ are useful for buildings with curved roof surfaces such as domes that would be difficult to cover with other materials
Fluid applied membranes
The _____ permits the free movement of rain water to the roof drains
Drainage layer
The _____ protects the roof from mechanical abrasion
Wear course
Built up roofs that use gravel as the wear course are commonly known as ______
Tar and gravel roofs
Roof coverings used on pitched roofs are generally one of two broad categories
Shingle or tile roofs and metal roofs
Are small overlapping units that are relatively easy for workers to handle
Shingles and tiles
Are available as wood shingles and shakes, asphalt shingles, slate, and clay and concrete tiles
Shingles and tiles
Are thin, tapered slabs of wood that are sawn from pieces of tree trunk.
Wood shingles
Are split from the wood either by hand or by machine and are thicker than shingles
Shakes
Are produced from heavy sheets of asphalt impregnated felt made from rag, paper, or wool fiber.
Asphalt shingles
Is produced from hard rock that has a tendency to split along one plane
Slate
Is a very durable material and can have a life expectancy of 150 years
Slate
Is also a heavy material, weighing 8 to 36 pounds per square foot
Slate
The curved clay tiles are known as _____ and are used to create imitation Spanish style architecture
Mission tiles
Are made from Portland cement, aggregate, and water
Concrete tiles
Are noncombustible and produce fire resistant roof coverings that have excellent resistance to flying brands
Clay, slate, and cement tiles
Make use of several materials including galvanized iron or steel, copper, zinc, aluminum, and lead
Metal roof coverings
One problem with metal roofing is the potential for galvanic action when dissimilar metals are in contact. For example, using steel nails with copper sheeting. To prevent this interaction, ____
Nails made of the same metal as the sheeting are used
Are effective against a severe fire exposure
Class a roof coverings
Are effective against a moderate fire exposure
Class b roof coverings
Are effective against a light fire exposure
Class c coverings
A____ is a buildings first line defense against the elements
Roof
As such, roofs deteriorate over the years from exposure to wind, snow, and rain. In some cases the surface of a roof becomes so deteriorated that it cannot be easily repaired. To solve this problem, a second roof, sometimes termed a _____ can be constructed over the original roof
Rain roof
A _____ involves the use of the roof surface of a building for a rooftop garden
Green roof
