Chpt 1 Flashcards
The useful life span of a building can range from ____ or more therefore almost all communities include buildings that vary widely in age
25 to 100 years
In any size community, a fire officer can be faced with difficult situations because _____ affect the course of fire
Building variables
The effects of age are not uniform. Older neighborhoods sometimes under go ______, in which older properties are extensively rehabilitated to satisfy the desires of a modern real estate.
Gentrification
An _____, especially an automatic sprinkler system is the first line of defense in a building.
Automatic fire protection systems
The ____ of a building often affects the ways in which building components behave under fire conditions.
Occupancy
Changes in _____ frequently result in a significant difference in the amount and type of combustible materials in a building.
Occupancy
Nothing is more fundamental to a building than the _____ from which it is constructed
Materials
Contemporary building codes use numerical designations for the various construction types as follows
Type 1 fire resistive
Type 2 non combustible
Type 3 exterior protected
Type 4 heavy timber
Type 5 wood frame
The _____ of a building refers to its general shape or layout
Configuration
Is a primary factor for fire department operations
Access
The national fire protection association defines a building as an ____ when the heat from an external fire might cause ignition of or damage to the exposed building.
Exposure
In tactical fire fighting, the term ____ is also used to refer to a structure or an object such as a propane tank or a pile of lumber to which a fire could spread
Exposure
Occurred when fires communicated from building to building
Conflagrations
Is the transfer of heat by the movement or liquids or gases, usually in an upward direction.
Convection
Horizontal communications of fire is mainly due to ____
Thermal radiation
Is the transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic waves
Thermal radiation
In physics, the _____ law states that the intensity of thermal radiation is a function of the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the thermal radiation source.
Stefan Boltzmann law
In engineering, ____ is said to occur when a structure or part is no longer capable of performing its required function in a satisfactory manner.
Failure
To a firefighter, _____ usually means structural collapse
Building failure
Thus the communication of fire through a fire rated barrier can be viewed as a ____
Failure
The unsatisfactory performance of a fire protection system is also a _____
Failure
The collapse of a building under fire conditions is a result of the loss of a buildings ______
Structural integrity
Fire resistive materials possess the ability to maintain _____
Structural integrity
In the modern world, buildings function as _____ to provide a healthy, productive, and comfortable environment for the occupants.
Total systems
The term ____ in this text refers to failure to provide a level of fire safety appropriate to the ultimate use of the building.
Design deficiencies
Can only provide a reasonable level of protection for the most commonly encountered situations
Codes
One of America’s most prominent architects, frank lloyd Wright called buildings ______
Machines for the living
Chicago architect Louis A Sullivan, known for stately commercial buildings, intoned his design philosophy by stating, _____
Form follows function
Some building construction is undertaken without an occupant being known. These buildings are referred to as ______.
Spec buildings
Is a body of law that determines the minimum standards that buildings must meet in the interest of community safety and health
Building code
It is the _____ that determines, by law, the kinds of buildings in which the firefighter must ultimately fight fires.
Building code
All designers have a fundamental responsibility to provide a
Safe end product
In addition to fire safety, a building must have adequate strength to prevent _____
Structural collapse
People who are unable to use the stairs for emergency evacuation must be provided with alternative protection such as an _____
Area of refuge
An _____ is a protected area where a person can remain temporarily until someone else provides assistance or instructions
Area of refuge
Areas of refuge may not be required in buildings equipped with an
Automatic sprinkler system
Where required, the areas of refuge must be equipped with _____ so individuals can call for assistance
Two way communications
Availability of water is a basic consideration in the design of fire protection systems. The primary concern is the amount of__ that will be needed for the flow rate and duration of the fire protection system.
Water
The increased awareness of the sometimes negative impact of human activities on the environment has resulted in efforts to make buildings more efficient. This overall concept is known as ____
Green design
When a proposed design is rejected by a building official, an architect may make use of an ____
Appeals process
Building codes provide for an _____ to resolve differences in interpretation of the specific provisions of a code or to review an alternative means of complying with a code
Appeals process
The appeals process usually involves a ____ constituted as provided for in the building or fire codes
Board of appeals
Of the construction takes places during and upon completion of a project
Inspection
Involves the verification that proper materials and construction techniques are used .
Inspection
The primary role of the fire inspector is to ensure proper ___ of the fire protection systems
Installation and operation
It should be noted that the role of the fire inspector is to ____ tests not to actually perform the tests
Witness
Documentation of fire protection system tests results should be maintained by the ____
Fire prevention bureau
