Chpt 5 Flashcards
Th term _____ is generally applied to the materials used for the exposed face of the walls and ceilings of a building
Interior finish
The degree to which fire can spread over the surface of a material is technically referred to as the _____ of the material
Surface burning characteristics
In order to control the potential hazard represented by interior finish materials, it is necessary to evaluate their ______
Source burning characteristics
Materials with a Class A _____ are required in the vertical exits of most occupancies
Class A 0-25 rating
Materials with an_____ rating are required in corridors that provide exit access
Class b 26-75
May be required in other rooms and spaces depending on the occupancy. The rooms of health care and assembly occupancies, for example, will require either class a or class b interior finish materials
Class a,b, or c 76-200 rating
Building codes generally allow an increase in the spread rating of interior finish materials in buildings equipped with an ______
Automatic sprinkler system
The maximum flame spread rating allowed, however, is ____
200
The ___ is a measure of the total fuel available to a fire and, therefore, the total heat that can be released in a fire
Fire load
The severity of a fire is determined by the____ plus the rat at which the fuel burns
Fireload
The faster the available fuel burn the greater will be the
Heat release rate HRR
A greater heat release rate results in a
Faster developing fire
The rate at which a fuel burns is determined by several factors. The most significant is the combination of the ____
Fuel and oxygen available
The_______ is the most commonly used method for evaluating the surface burning characteristics of materials
Steiner tunnel test
The tunnel test produces a numerical evaluation of the flammability of interior materials, which is known as the
Flame spread rating
Asbestos cement board is assigned a flame spread rating of
0
Red oak is assigned a flame spread rating of
100
The _______ developed in the tunnel test is a means of comparing the surface flammability of a material to standard materials under controlled test conditions
Flame spread rating
In addition to the flame spread rating, the tunnel test provides an additional measure of flammability: the______.
Smoke developed rating
The ____ is a measure of the relative visual obscurity created by the smoke from a tested material
Smoke developed rating
As with flame spread rating, red oak is used as a standard testing material and has been assigned a smoke develop rating of
100
Therefore, under test conditions, a material with the smoke developed rating of 200 produces smoke that is twice as visually obscuring as
Red oak
Codes limit the maximum smoke developed to
450
The flame spread rating of some interior finishes, most notably wood materials, can be reduced through the use of
Fire retardant coating
Fire retardant coatings only affect the
Coated surface
Several types of fire retardant coatings that may be available include the following
Intumescent paints
Mastics
Gas forming paints
Cement into us and mineral fiber coatings
The _____ test procedure to measure the surface burning characteristics of materials is useful because it provides reproducible results and is a widely recognized standard
ASTM E 84 test
Considerable effort has been made over the years to develop test procedures that incorporate the size and shape of real rooms. These methods are collectively known as
Corner tests
Consist of equipment such as an automatic sprinkler system or fire alarm system that requires a power source for operation. The power source maybe manual, such as in the case with portable fire extinguishers.
Active fire protection
Relies on building construction and materials to contain fire or products of combustion
Passive fire protection
The subdivision of a building or the floor levels of a building by fire rated walls or partitions is generally referred to as
Compartmentation
A lack of_____ can result in a rapid spread of fire horizontally and vertically through a building
Compartmentation
The fire rated floor and ceiling assembly is required by building codes in multi story buildings provide not only structural fire resistance but also act to prevent
Vertical spread of fire
Fire rated partitions can provide______ for occupants when immediate or rapid a evacuation is not possible, such as in a hospital
Areas of refuge
This concept of providing an area of refuge is referred to as
Defending in place or sheltering in place
Are erected to limit the maximum spread of fire
Fire walls or area separation walls
They are constructed with sufficient fire resistance and structural stability to act as an absolute barrier to a fire under conditions of total burnout on either side
Fire walls
Building codes typically allow elimination of firewalls when a building is equipped with an
Automatic sprinkler system
A properly constructed and maintained______is an important ally to tactical fire fighting forces
Firewall
Act to contain a major fire in situations where available fire fighting resources would otherwise be unable to stop a fire
Fire walls
Are self-supporting and are independent of the building frame
Freestanding walls
Must be designed to resist a lateral load of at least 5 pounds per square foot and are self supporting with respect to vertical loads
Freestanding walls
Are erected at a column line in a building of steel frame or concrete frame construction
Tied fire walls
A 4 hour rated firewall usually must be constructed of masonry or concrete and have
3 hour rated openings
In most buildings firewalls must be constructed of
Noncombustible material
The international building code also permits combustible structural members to be framed into a masonry or concrete firewall from opposite sides provided there is a____ separation between the ends of the structural members
4 inch
Firewalls must extend beyond the walls and roof to prevent the radiant heat of flames on one side of a firewall from igniting adjacent surfaces. This is accomplished by continuing the firewall through the roof with a
Parapet
The parapet height above a combustible roof is determined by the building code and varies from
18 to 36 inches
Are interior walls are used to subdivide the floor or area of a building that do not qualify as firewalls
Fire partitions
Can be used for fire partition where visibility is desired and a fire rating is required
Fire rated glazing
A typical application is a corridor or separation in a healthcare facility that permits the staff to observe patients and still have a protected exit passage
Fire rated glazing
The purpose of_______ is to block the vertical spread of fire through a building in, in the case of stairwells, to protect a means of egress
Enclosure walls
Enclosure walls are required to have a fire resistance rating of_________depending on the height of the building
One or two hours
Stairwells in buildings three stories or less, for example, are required to have a
1 hour enclosure
In buildings taller than three stories, they are required to have
2 hour enclosures
As in the case of partition walls, the use of _____ provides a fire barrier for permitting observation of the stair enclosure , which can enhance security
Fire rated glazing
When the building is constructed using a structural frame for its main structural support, the exterior wall functions only to enclose the building and is known as a
Curtain wall
Are usually supported by the building frame at the edge of the floor assembly
Curtain walls
It is not unusual for a gap to be created between the edge of the floor in the curtainwall. This opening may be several inches wide and will provide a path for communication a fire up the side of the curtain wall. To prevent this occurrence, suitable_______ must be provided to maintain the continuity of the floor as a fire resistive barrier
Fire stopping
The most common means for protecting openings through a fire rated walls by the use of
Fire doors
For a fire door to effectively block the spread of fire, it must remain _____ to the firewall under fire conditions
Closed and attached
Is a sheet of glass in which a steel wire net has been imbedded
Wired glass
Fire doors good ratings of 1, 11/2 and 3hours can have glass panels up to _____ in area per door
100 square inches
Fire doors with ratings of 3/4 hour can have a total glass area consistent with their listing, but an individual piece can not exceed ____.
1296 square inches
It is also sometimes desirable to install____ in a fire door to permit ventilation while the door is closed, such as in the case of a furnace room enclosure.
Louvers
Usually louvers are closed by means of a ____
Fusible link
Swinging fire doors with ratings up to 11/2 hours can be equipped with
Louvers
Firefighters advancing on a fire must use care when moving through an opening protected with _____ to avoid being struck by a closing door. In addition, a door that closes after firefighters have passed through it can trap firefighters in the fire area, cutting their escape path, restricting water through pinched hoselines, and disorienting members who do not realize the door came down across the corridor behind them.
Overhead rolling doors
A common type of sliding door is a
Metal covered, wood core door
Smooth galvanized sheet metal is used on wood core doors known as
Kalamien doors
Fire doors made with galvanized steel or terneplate are commonly referred to as ____ doors although strictly speaking the metal used is not pure tin
Tin clad
Swinging fire doors are available with ratings of
3 hours to 20 minutes
The surface flammability of materials used for interior finish can be evaluated in a laboratory and is known as the
Flame spread rating
