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Building Construction Ifsta > Chpt 4 > Flashcards

Chpt 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Stairs that are not part of the means of egress are often referred to as

A

Convenience stairs

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2
Q

In buildings four or more stories in height, ____ is generally required to extend to the roof unless the slope of the roof is especially steep

A

One stairway

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3
Q

A key component is the step itself, which consists of the tread and the riser, commonly referred to as the

A

Run and rise

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4
Q

Extend in a straight line for their entire length

A

Straight run stairs

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5
Q

Have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point.

A

Return stairs

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6
Q

Are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft

A

Scissor stairs

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7
Q

This type of stair design is common in modern construction

A

Return stairs

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8
Q

Are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving two levels

A

Circular stairs

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9
Q

Are typically found in dwellings where they are used to provide access to an attic space that does not have permanent access stair.

A

Folding stairs

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10
Q

Consist of a series of steps spiraling around a single column

A

Spiral stairs

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11
Q

Because protecting the stairwell from the products of combustion is extremely important, building codes require a high level of protection for most stairs used as a

A

Means of egress

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12
Q

Generally, ____ are required to be separated from the rest of the building

A

Stair enclosures

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13
Q

As defined by codes, ____ are exterior to a building and are open to the air.

A

Exterior stairs

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14
Q

Are open metal stairs and landings attached to the outside of a building

A

Fire escapes

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15
Q

Are usually anchored to the building and are not supported at ground level

A

Fire escapes

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16
Q

Building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one _____ for stairs serving buildings five stories or higher, and more recently, stairs serving floor levels more than 30 feet below the level of exit discharge.

A

Smoke proof enclosure

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17
Q

Stair enclosures may be classified as ____ using either active or passive smoke control.

A

Smokeproof

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18
Q

Typically, _____ are on the exterior perimeter of the building and are entered through ventilated vestibules or open balconies

A

Smokeproof stair enclosures

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19
Q

A common alternative approach over the past 25 years to provide a smokeproof enclosure is to pressurize stairwells when the building is in

A

Fire mode

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20
Q

Activated by automatic fire smoke detection equipment, a dedicated mechanical air handling system is designed to keep smoke out of the stair enclosure by

A

Pressurizing the shaft

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21
Q

Is a hoisting and lowering mechanism equipped with a car or platform that moves in guide rails and serves two or more levels or landings

A

Elevator

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22
Q

Is another term used to describe elevators and often defines as a passenger elevator that has been designed to carry freight

A

Service elevator

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23
Q

Electric elevators are subdivided into either

A

Drum or traction devices

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24
Q

Older style elevators employ a drum on which the hoisting cable is wound

A

Drum elevators

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25
Q

The most common type of elevator in buildings over six stories is the traction elevator because it is very fast and does not have the height limitations of either hydraulic or drum type elevators

A

Traction elevators

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26
Q

Is an electric switch designed to stop the car by removing power before it reaches the upper or lower limits of the hoistway

A

Terminal device

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27
Q

Are large springs or hydraulic cylinders and pistons located at the bottom of the pit that act as shock absorbers should the terminal switch fail.

A

Buffers

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28
Q

Buffers cannot safely stop a free falling car. They can only stop one traveling at its

A

Normal rate of speed

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29
Q

Is also known as the speed governor. This switch slows the drive motor when an elevator starts to exceed a safe speed. If the car continues to accelerate, it applies the car safeties and trips the over speed switch.

A

Speed reducing switch

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30
Q

Is also connected to the speed governor. This switch is activated of the speed reducing switch fails to slow the car sufficiently.

A

Over speed switch

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31
Q

Are tapered sets of steel jaws that wedge against the guide rails and bring the elevator to a stop.

A

Car safeties

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32
Q

Elevator safeties are designed to stop a

A

Free falling car

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33
Q

An ____ is the vertical shaft in which the elevator car travels and includes the elevator pit .

A

Elevator hoistways

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34
Q

Elevator hoistway enclosures usually are required to be a fire rated assembly with a _____

A

1 to 2 hour rating

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35
Q

Penetrations through the hoistway walls are protected by the installation of an appropriately rated assembly such as a listed and labeled

A

Door and frame

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36
Q

present a potential for acting as a vertical chimney to spread fire and smoke throughout a building

A

Hoistways

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37
Q

To prevent mushrooming, building codes require venting at the ____ of practically every hoistway built today

A

Top

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38
Q

Single elevator hoistways that only serves upper levels have____ for rescue purposes every three floors or so in that portion without normal hoistways doors

A

Access doors

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39
Q

In very tall buildings, elevators are divided into zones, with one zone serving the lower floors and another zone serving upper floors. A zone usually serves

A

15 to 20 floors

40
Q

Are used for express elevators that serve the upper elevators zones in tall buildings

A

Blind hoistways

41
Q

Passenger elevator car doors are powered by an electric motor mounted on the

A

Top of the elevator car

42
Q

On hydraulic elevators a top exit may or not be provided depending on whether the system is equipped with a

A

Manual Lowering valve

43
Q

A ___ is provided on all electric traction elevators

A

Top exit

44
Q

In multiple elevator hoistways, most elevator cars are equipped with _____to allow passengers to be transferred and laterally from a stalled car to a functioning car next to it

A

Side exits

45
Q

Commonly called escalators, are stairways with electrically powered steps that move continuously in One Direction

A

Moving stairs

46
Q

Vertical opening protection also can be provided by a ____at the top of the escalator

A

Rolling shutter

47
Q

The most common method to protecting the vertical opening is to use closely spaced ______ around the opening

A

Sprinklers in conjunction with draft stops

48
Q

Are similar to escalators but are only used to move people horizontally or a slight inclines

A

Moving walkways

49
Q

Are often found in airports to move occupants long distances between the main terminal and remote concourses

A

Moving walkways

50
Q

Is typically found in manufacturing or storage occupancies and is used to transport items and materials

A

Conveyor system

51
Q

A primary concern for conveyor penetrations during a fire is incomplete

A

Door or shutter closure

52
Q

Also include stairways and elevator and dumbwaiter hoistways

A

Vertical shafts

53
Q

Is a term generally applied to the vertical pathway in a building that contains utility services

A

Utility chase

54
Q

It is usually not practical to provide any horizontal fire barrier along the length of the

A

Shaft

55
Q

Is a type of utility cheese used to contain piping needed for building services such as hot and cold potable water, drain lines, steam, hot and chilled water for heating and air-conditioning, and sprinkler piping

A

Pipe chase

56
Q

Provides for the removal of trash and garbage from upper floor of building such as residential properties

A

Refuse chute

57
Q

Refuse chutes are required to be constructed of

A

Non combustible material with rated doors

58
Q

A fire in a properly designed, installed, and maintained Refuse or laundry chute should be contained within the

A

Chute

59
Q

Is installed as part of an exhaust system for commercial cooking appliances that produce grease laden vapors

A

Grease duct

60
Q

Typically, ____ are installed over deep fat fryers and grills

A

Grease ducts

61
Q

Are provided in building primarily to maintain a comfortable environment for occupants

A

HVAC systems

62
Q

Systems that make use of water as the heat transfer medium are known as

A

Hydronic systems

63
Q

However, many HVAC systems involve the distribution of conditioned air through a building from one or more mechanical equipment rooms. Such systems are generally known as

A

Forced air systems

64
Q

Is the air distribution component of the HVAC system

A

Air ducts

65
Q

Sometimes _____ the space between a suspended ceiling and the roof deck are used as a return air plenum

A

Interstitial spaces

66
Q

Experienced firefighters know that when a fire occurs in any building, fire control and occupant safety are in enhanced by

A

Venting the products of combustion to the outside by the shortest route

67
Q

Means the use of mechanical equipment to produce pressure differences across smoke barriers to inhibit smoke movement

A

Smoke control

68
Q

Automatic transfer of an hvac system to ____ can be accomplished by smoke detectors serving the various floors of the building

A

Fire operation

69
Q

Automatic initiation of _____ in an hvac system must always take priority over the normal system functions

A

Fire operation

70
Q

When a system has both a manual and automatic capability, the ____ shall take priority over the automatic control

A

Manual

71
Q

A ____ is a type of smokeproof enclosure that makes use of a vestibule between the corridor and the stairwell that is open to the atmosphere

A

Smokeproof tower

72
Q

Utilizes a blower or fan to provide a slightly greater pressure in the stairwell then the Corridor to prevent the infiltration of smoke from the Corridor into the stairwell

A

Pressurized stairwell

73
Q

There are two general design methods used for pressurized stairwells. One method is to have a fan supply air to a stairwell at a single point. This is known as the

A

Single injection method

74
Q

To overcome the possible limitations of a single injection system, a____ can be used

A

Multiple injection system

75
Q

In a ____ an air supply shaft runs parallel to the stairwell from the supply fan. Air discharge point into the stairwell are located at several points along the stairwell. This method providing more uniform flow of air into the stairwell.

A

Multiple injection system

76
Q

In a________, the airflow into the stairwell can be adjusted depending on the number of doors that may be open

A

Compensated system

77
Q

A ________ can adjust the pressure in the stairwell either by modulating the air supply or through over pressure relief

A

Compensating system

78
Q

Over pressure relief in the stairwell is accomplished through the use of______ that open to the outside, thus relieving the pressure buildup in the stairwell

A

Dampers

79
Q

The simplest means of controlling the exhaust dampers is to use dampers with

A

Adjustable counterweights

80
Q

can be provided in the roofs of buildings to permit the release of smoke and heat from the fire.

A

Vents

81
Q

have spring operated opening mechanisms that can be released by a fusible link or other automatic detectors, including smoke detectors

A

Vents with metal lids

82
Q

Are used in conjunction with smoke vents to increase their effectiveness

A

Curtain boards

83
Q

The ____ reduce the dissipation of the heated air currents from a fire and increase the speed of operation of the vents

A

Curtain boards

84
Q

The depth of a curtain board will vary depending on the nature of the hazards within an occupancy, but should be not less than

A

20 percent of the ceiling height

85
Q

Curtain boards should be spaced so that they are not farther apart than ___ the ceiling height

A

8 times

86
Q

Roof vents in the sprinkler building may be a maximum value in removing products of combustion during the final or

A

Overhaul stages of fire

87
Q

Are used to convert high-voltage electricity, as supplied by the electrical utility service, to an appropriate voltage for use in the building

A

Transformers

88
Q

Air cooled transformers, also called______, use the surrounding air to cool the unit through fins and heat sinks installed on the body of the transformer

A

Dry transformers

89
Q

Contain oil to conduct heat away from the core and also to electrically insulate internal components from arcing

A

Oil cooled or oil filled transformers

90
Q

Because the oil also provides electrical insulation, it must have _____ properties

A

Dielectric

91
Q

Are typically engine driven, using a gasoline, diesel, or natural gas internal combustion engine.

A

Generator

92
Q

The ____ is the most common type because gasoline is more hazardous and natural gas may be subject to outages at the same time as the electrical power distribution system

A

Diesel fuel engine generator

93
Q

At a minimum, the _____will need to supply the required life safety systems plus critical needs of the occupancy

A

Generator

94
Q

Emergency power supplies that require batteries commonly use

A

Lead acid type storage batteries

95
Q

Also releases flammable hydrogen gas during battery charging and also during contact with some metals

A

Sulfuric acid in lead acid batteries

Building Construction Ifsta (11 decks)

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