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Building Construction Ifsta > Chpt 3 > Flashcards

Chpt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A ___ is defined as any effect that a structure must resist

A

Load

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2
Q

The impact effect the wind has on a surface. This force may be reduced by streamlining the surfaces encountered.

A

Direct pressure

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3
Q

When wind encounters an object, it’s fluid nature causes it to flow around the object. This exerts a drag effect on the object.

A

Aerodynamic drag

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4
Q

A suction effect produced on the downwind side of the building resulting in an outward pressure

A

Negative pressure

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5
Q

A back and fourth effect due to variations in the velocity of the wind.

A

Rocking effects

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6
Q

Wind passing over a surface such as a roof may cause vibration of the surface depending on the velocity of the wind and the harmonic characteristics of the surface

A

Vibration

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7
Q

The tendency of wind to dislodge objects from a building j

A

Clean off effect

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8
Q

The ____ noted above is of particular concern where a building has projections such as canopies and parapets

A

Clean off effect

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9
Q

The vibrational motion of the surface subjects buildings to forces known as ____ that can be very destructive as history shows

A

Seismic forces

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10
Q

Are produced in a structural member when it is twisted

A

Torsional forces

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11
Q

Are movements of relatively larger amplitude resulting from a small force applied at the natural frequency of a structure

A

Resonant forces

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12
Q

The shifting of the earths surface can also produce forces that are either ______in nature

A

Torsional or resonant

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13
Q

Occurs where the soil is of a loose, sandy nature and is saturated with water.

A

Soil liquefaction

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14
Q

The basic concept of ____ is to isolate the building from the horizontal movement of the earths surface

A

Base isolation

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15
Q

Create a layer between the building and the foundation, which has low horizontal stiffness

A

Elastomeric bearings

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16
Q

Make use of special plates sliding on each other

A

Sliding systems

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17
Q

These systems isolate the building from the horizontal shear force created by an earthquake

A

Sliding systems

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18
Q

Exerts a horizontal pressure against a foundation

A

Soil

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19
Q

The pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation is known as the

A

Active soil pressure

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20
Q

The force of the foundation against the soil is known as the

A

Passive soil pressure

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21
Q

Buildings can also be provided with ____ to control building motion

A

Damping mechanisms

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22
Q

Are typically installed at the connections between columns and beams, and they absorb energy as the structure moves

A

Damping mechanisms

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23
Q

A ____ is the weight of any permanent part of the building

A

Dead load

24
Q

A ____ is any load that is not fixed or permanent

A

Live load

25
Q

Is one that is applied at one point or over a small area

A

Concentrated load

26
Q

Water from fire fighting operations can add an additional _____

A

Live load

27
Q

A stream of water discharging 250 gpm introduces ______ of water per minute

A

2082 pounds of water per minute

28
Q

A water depth of 3 inches will impose a load of ___ per square foot

A

20.8 pounds

29
Q

Are loads that are steady or are applied gradually

A

Static loads

30
Q

Are loads that involve motion

A

Dynamic loads

31
Q

When the support provided by a structural system is equal to the applied loads, a condition known as ____ exists

A

Equilibrium

32
Q

The forces that resist the applied loads are known as

A

Reactions

33
Q

A beam that is supported at one end is known as a

A

Cantilever beam

34
Q

Tends to pull the material apart

A

Tension

35
Q

Tends to squeeze the material

A

Compression

36
Q

Tends to slide one plane of a material past an adjacent plane

A

Shear

37
Q

The magnitude of the interior forces that occur in structural members is evaluated by a quantity known as

A

Stress

38
Q

Can also be classified as axial, eccentric, or torsional

A

Exterior loads

39
Q

An ____ is a load applied to the center of the cross section of a structural member and perpendicular to that cross section

A

Axial load

40
Q

An ___ is a load that is perpendicular to the cross section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross section.

A

Eccentric load

41
Q

A ___ is offset from the center of the cross section of the structural member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross section.

A

Torsional load

42
Q

A ____ produces a twisting effect that creates shear stresses in a material

A

Torsional load

43
Q

A ___ is a structural member that can carry loads perpendicular to its longitudal dimension

A

Beam

44
Q

The primary design consideration of____ is their ability to resist bending from the applied loads

A

Beams

45
Q

At the middle of the beam, a point known as the ____, the tension and compression stresses are actually zero

A

Neutral axis

46
Q

Are structural members designed to support an axial compressive load.

A

Columns

47
Q

An ___ is a curved structural member in which the interior stresses are primarily compressive

A

Arch

48
Q

Can be thought of as flexible structural members that can be used to support roofs, brace tents, and restrain pneumatic structures

A

Cables

49
Q

Although cables can be used in applications where they are essentially straight, a cable used to support loads over a distance will assume the shape of a

A

Parabola

50
Q

Are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane

A

Trusses

51
Q

The top members of a truss are called the

A

Top chords

52
Q

The bottom members of a truss are called

A

Bottom chords

53
Q

Lightweight wood or metal trusses, known as _____, have become very common in floor construction, taking the place of solid joists

A

Truss joists

54
Q

Are truss structures that are developed in three dimensions

A

Space frames

55
Q

A common method of construction uses the walls of the building to support spanning elements such as beams, trusses, and precast concrete slabs. These are appropriately known as______structures

A

Bearing wall structures

56
Q

Uses a series of vertical elements to support horizontal elements that are subject to traverse loads

A

Post and beam

57
Q

Typical dimensions for the posts are_____ when supporting roofs only

A

6x8 inches post and beam construction

Building Construction Ifsta (11 decks)

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