Chpt 2 Flashcards
To the firefighter, however the most significant characteristic of a building is not the its architectural style but how it behaves under
Fire conditions
_____ buildings permit firefighters to make a more aggressive interior attack than they can make in non fire resistive buildings
Fire resistive
Also provide an increased degree of occupant safety
Fire resistive buildings
Determines the likelihood of structural collapse under fire conditions
Fire resistance
From a fire protection standpoint, one of the most basic properties of building materials is their degree of _____
Fire resistance
Is the ability to maintain its load bearing capacity and structural integrity under fire conditions
Fire resistance
is not prone to structural failure under fire conditions
Fire resistive construction
The fire resistance of structural components can be evaluated quantitivley and is known as the
Fire resistance rating
A building code will typically require that columns supporting the floors in a fire resistive building have a fire resistance rating of
3 hours
The walls enclosing an exit stairwell, which may or may not be load bearing, typically must have a fire resistive rating of ____ hours to protect the stairwell
1 to 2 hours
The most commonly used method of determining fire resistance is by
Laboratory test
The _____ is widely used in fire protection to establish the required performance standards in building codes.
Standard fire resistance test
The primary means used to determine a fire resistance rating is to subject the component to be evaluated to the heat of a
Standard fire in a test furnace
It must be clearly understood that the fire resistance ratings are established using a standard
Laboratory test fire
The ____ tests is the only method currently universally accepted by building codes
E-119 test
To make the results of fire resistance testing available and useful to engineers, architects, and building officials, the test results are published by the testing laboratories. Probably the best known laboratories is
Underwriters laboratories inc
Underwriters laboratories annually publishes a _____, which lists assemblies that have been tested and their fire resistance ratings
Fire resistance directory
Because testing materials in a furnace is costly and because some structural members may not match those that have been previously tested,_______ have been developed to predict the behavior of materials under test conditions without the need for actual testing
Mathematical equations
This standard known as ____ provides the methods for calculating fire resistance ratings that are equivalent to the results obtained from the standard fire test
ASCE/SFPE 29 standard calculations methods for structural fire protection
The ____ is the most commonly used method of satisfying building code requirements for structural fire resistance
NFPA 251 standard time temperature test
Fundamentally, a _____ material is one that in the form in which used and under conditions anticipated will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors, when subjected to fire and heat.
Non combustible
The most commonly used test for determining combustibility is
ASTM E 136 standard test method for behavior of materials in a vertical tube furnace
Buildings are grouped into five major classifications
Type 1 fire resistive Type 2 non combustible or protected non combustible Type 3 exterior protected masonry Type 4 heavy timber Type 5 wood frame
In ____, the structural members are non combustible construction that has a specified fire resistance
Type 1 fire resistive
Generally, bearing walls, columns, and beams are required to have a fire resistance of _____.
Two to four hours
Floor construction is required to have a fire resistance of
Two or three hours
Interior partitions enclosing stairwells and corridors are required to be fire resistive as specified by local code, usually
One or two hours
Some building codes contain a provision to omit the fire resistive rating for a roof construction for some occupancies when the roof is located more than ____ above the floor
20 feet
The two most common methods of constructing type 1 buildings are by using
Reinforced concrete or a protected steel frame
In the case of a steel frame building, it must be remembered that unprotected steel has no
Fire resistance
When steel is used in fire resistive designs it must be protected by an
Insulating material
Type 2 construction can be either
Protected or non protected
The use of unprotected steel is the most common characteristic of unprotected
Non combustible construction
In type 2 construction, structural steel is frequently provided with a degree of fire resistance that is less that that required for
Type 1 construction
An unprotected, noncombustible building cannot be expected to provide _____ under fire conditions
Structural stability
Type 3 construction has been commonly referred to as
Ordinary construction
Is frequently constructed with exterior walls of masonry, but from a technical standpoint any non combustible material with the required fire resistance can be used for the exterior walls
Type 3 construction
A fundamental fire concern with ____ is the combustible concealed spaces that are breathed between floor and ceiling joists and between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials
Type 3 construction
Is commonly known as heavy timber or mill construction
Type 4
Concealed spaces are not permitted between structural members in
Type 4
The greater mass of the heavy timber components provides greater structural endurance fire conditions than the structural members used in type 3 buildings
Type 4 heavy timber
In ____, also commonly known as wood frame construction, all major structural components are permitted to be of combustible construction
Type 5
The basic method of construction in a _____ building consists of using a wood frame to provide the primary structural support
Type 5
Many type 5 structures are required to have a _____ fire resistance for the structural members
1 hour
A fundamental problem posed by type 5 construction is the creation of combustible concealed voids and channels more extensive than are found in
Type 3 construction
In modern practice, wood frame buildings are most often constructed using a method known as
Light frame construction
In the situation of ____, however, emergency responders could be confronted with a fire in type 5 construction that exceeds the normal height restrictions for that type of construction.
Mixed construction
The ____ is the product of the weight of the combustibles multiplied by their heat of combustion
Fire load
Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and similar materials have heats of combustion between _____.
7000 and 8000 btus per pound
The _____ can be used as an estimate of the total potential heat release or thermal energy to which a building may be subjected if all combustibles become fully involved
Fire load
Building codes classify buildings according to their _____ as well as their construction type
Occupancy
