CHPT 8

Question 1

The energy molecule used to do cellular work is called __________,
and it is made from food substrates consumed in the diet

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 2

The fuels used to create ATP are

Answer 2

glucose from carbohydrates, free fatty acids from fat, amino acids from protein, and ketone bodies.

Question 3

__________ are the by-products of the breakdown of stored or consumed fats. They are oxidized exclusively via the aerobic pathway, which uses oxygen to create ATP

Answer 3

Free fatty acids

Question 4

Amino acids can be metabolized via

Answer 4

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

______ are produced by the liver during periods of low energy intake or low
carbohydrate availability

Answer 5

Ketone bodies

Question 6

Exercise is categorized by two factors:

Answer 6

intensity and duration

Question 7

________ is an anaerobic process and generates ATP quickly, but not a tremendous
amount

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

_______ is a process that uses oxygen to create ATP from substrate
molecules at a relatively slow rate.

Answer 8

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

______ is defined as a situation in which a person engages in the same
level of activity, without increases or decreases in intensity, for several minutes

Answer 9

Steady-state exercise

Question 10

___________ is defined as frequent changes in the work requirement (intensity) during an activity

Answer 10

Intermittent exercise

Question 11

_______ use a higher percentage of fat as a fuel but generally do not burn a lot of calories unless performed for a very long 􀆟me

Answer 11

Lower-intensity activities

Question 12

______________ have a higher percentage of energy coming from carbohydrate and usually burn more total calories in a given time

Answer 12

Higher-intensity activities

Question 13

the total number of calories
that a person burns in a day is called

Answer 13

the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

Question 14

___________ is the minimum number of calories needed at rest to keep a person alive and meet all functional needs of the body.

Answer 14

The resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Question 15

________ is the number of calories that are used to digest a meal

Answer 15

The thermic effect of food (TEF)

Question 16

___________ involves burning calories in activities that are
not structured exercise

Answer 16

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Question 17

___________ is the calories burned during structured physical activity or purposeful exercise

Answer 17

Exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT)

Question 18

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 18

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely converted from one form
to another

Question 19

Glucose

Answer 19

The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy

Question 20

Glycogen

Answer 20

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate

Question 21

Triglyceride

Answer 21

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body

Question 22

Essential amino acid (EAA)

Answer 22

Amino acid that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it

Question 23

Nonessential amino acids

Answer 23

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not, under normal circumstances, need to be obtained in the diet.

Question 24

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 24

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats)

Question 25

Aerobic

Answer 25

Processes relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen

Question 26

Anaerobic

Answer 26

Processes relating to the absence of oxygen

Question 27

ATP-PC system

Answer 27

An energy system that provides energy very rapidly, for approximately 10–15 seconds, via anaerobic metabolism Ex. short sprints

Question 28

Glycolyic system

Answer 28

A metabolic process that occurs in the cytosol of a cell that converts glucosen into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate. Ex. strength training

Question 29

Oxida􀆟ve system

Answer 29

process that uses oxygen to convert food substrates into ATP E. running for an extended period

Question 30

Electron transport chain (ETC)

Answer 30

A series of protein complexes that transfer protons and electrons received from the citric acid cycle through a series of reactions to create adenosine triphosphate

Question 31

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 31

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise

Question 32

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Answer 32

The rate at which the body expends energy (calories) when fasted and at complete rest, such as asleep or lying quietly

Question 33

Exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT)

Answer 33

The calories expended through structured exercise or training

Question 34

Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Answer 34

The energy required to digest, absorb, and process nutrients that are consumed

Question 35

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 35

Energy expenditure through daily activities outside of structured exercise Ex. walking,