chpt 12 Flashcards
The positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless.
Static posture
Alignment of the body while in motion.
Dynamic posture
Moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury
Optimal movement
Abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitation.
Movement impairments
An assessment of a client’s movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity; also known as a dynamic postural assessment
Movement assessment
Collapsed arch of the foot; also known as flat feet.
Pes planus
When elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.
Overactive
When a muscle is experiencing neural inhibition and limited neuromuscular recruitment
Underactive
An assessment that provides insight to deviations from optimal alignment of the body in a standing posture.
Static postural assessment
The five areas of the body that are monitored during movement assessments and exercise: foot/ankle, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head.
Kinetic chain checkpoints
An excessive forward rotation of the pelvis that results in greater lumbar lordosis.
Anterior pelvic tilt
Knees collapse inward (knock knees) due to hip adduction and internal rotation
Knee valgus
Knees bow outward (bowlegged)
Knee varus
flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips
Pes planus distortion syndrome
anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine
Lower crossed syndrome
The normal curvature of the cervical and lumbar spine regions, creating a concave portion of the spine.
Lordotic/Lordosis
Postural syndrome characterized by a forward head and protracted shoulders.
Upper crossed syndrome
- assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during a squatting motion
- 5 reps from an anterior and lateral view
Overhead squat assessment (OHSA)
assesses dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in a single-limb stance.
single leg squat assessment
identifies movement impairments and potential muscle imbalances.
Pushing assessment & pulling assessment
measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement
Push-up test
test maximal jump height and lower extremity power
Vertical jump assessment
test maximal jump distance and lower extremity power
Long jump assessment
test lateral speed and agility
for clients with athletic goals
Two cones are spaced 10 yards
Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)
test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal speed.
40-yard dash assessment
test lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control
two cones are spaced 10 yards, third cone in the middle
Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment
Gastrocnemius and soleus (calves)
Adductor complex (inner thighs)
Hip flexors (muscles near front of hips)
Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome (over active) 3
Anterior and posterior tibialis (shin muscles)
Gluteus maximus and medius (butt muscles)
Pes Planus Distortion Syndrome (underactive) 2
Hip flexors
Lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
Lower Crossed Syndrome (overactive) 2
Gluteus maximus and medius
Hamstring complex
Abdominals
Lower Crossed Syndrome (underactive) 3
Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
Levator scapula and sternocleidomastoid (neck muscles)
Upper trapezius
Upper Crossed Syndrome (overactive) 3
Middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids (mid-back muscles)
Deep cervical flexors (muscle deep within the neck)
Upper Crossed Syndrome (underactive) 2
Gastrocnemius/soleus (calves)
Hamstrings complex
Foot and ankle turnout (overactive) 2
Anterior and posterior tibialis (shin muscles)
Gluteus maximus and medius
Foot and ankle turnout (underactive) 2
Tensor fascia latae (TFL)(muscle near front of hip)
Adductor complex (inner thigh muscles)
Knee Valgus (overactive) 2
Gluteus maximus and medius
Anterior and posterior tibialis
Knee Valgus (underactive) 2
Hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
Lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
Latissimus dorsi (large back muscle)
Low-back arches (overactive) 3
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings complex
Abdominals
Low-back arches (underactive) 3
Hip flexors
Gastrocnemius/soleus
Rectus abdominis and external obliques (superficial abdominal muscles)
Excessive forward trunk lean (overactive) 3
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings complex
Lumbar extensors
Excessive forward trunk lean (underactive) 3
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
Teres major (posterior shoulder muscle)
Arms fall forward (overactive) 3
Middle and lower trapezius (mid-back muscle)
Rhomboids (muscles near shoulder blades)
Posterior deltoids (back of shoulder muscles)
Portions of the rotator cuff (small muscles that stabilize the shoulder)
Arms fall forward (underactive) 4
Levator scapulae (posterior neck muscles)
Upper trapezius
Scapular elevation (overactive) 2
Lower trapezius
Scapular elevation (underactive) 1
Levator scapulae
Sternocleidomastoid (anterior neck muscles)
Head juts forward (overactive) 2
Deep cervical flexors (deep neck stabilizer muscles)
Head juts forward (underactive) 1
- Health screening
- Physiological
- Body composition
- Posture and movement
- Cardio
- Performance
Sequence of assessments
