CHPT 6 Flashcards
The cardiorespiratory system is comprised of the
heart, blood, blood vessels, and lungs
The respiratory system is comprised of the
respiratory airways, lungs, and respiratory
muscles.
A normal heart rate ranges from
60 to 100 beats per minute
Each side of the heart has two chambers
an atrium and a ventricle
The sinoatrial node is referred to as
the pacemaker of the heart and sends the electrical
signal to the atrioventricular node and ultimately into the ventricles
The _____ gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body and
then sends it to the right ventricle and to the lungs for oxygenation
right atrium
The _____ receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the left
ventricle to be pumped out into the body.
left atrium
The ______ transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the lungs, whereas the ______ transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary vein
_____ is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
Stroke volume
Cardiac output is the
volume of blood pumped out of the heart in a minute and is a
function of both heart rate and stroke volume
Arteries transport blood ____ from the heart to the body, whereas veins transport
blood ____ to the heart, and capillaries function as an _____ between the
vessels and bodily tissues
- away
- back
- exchange channel
Breathing is divided into two phases:
inspiration and
expiration
A normal respiratory rate is _____ breaths per minute and relies on the primary
respiratory muscles (diaphragm and intercostals
12 to 16
Diffusion is a term used to describe
the process of getting oxygen from the environment
to the body’s tissues
bradypnea
rate of less than 8 breaths per minute
tachypnea
rate of greater than 24 breaths per minute
The _______ control a majority of functions for the endocrine
system
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
_____ which is stimulated by the adrenal cortex, may be used to aid in recovery from
exercise and as a marker of overtraining
Cortisol
_____ both function to control blood glucose levels and work opposite to each other
Insulin and glucagon
glucagon aids in the
metabolism of glucose
insulin aids in the
cellular uptake and storage of glucose
The catecholamines, which consist of ________ , are immediately
stimulated from the adrenal medulla in response to exercise
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The digestive system consists of the (5)
- oral cavity
- the upper GI tract
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
The _____ has a key function of absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, calcium,
amino acids, and iron
small intestine
The _______, ______, and _____ produce and store digestive juices, which are secreted into the small intestine to help with digestion
liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
Atrium (atria)
Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart
Ventricle
Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles
Bradycardia
heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute
Tachycardia
heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute
Cardiac output
The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).
Venules
Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.
Venous pooling
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the
veins (venous return) or backflow.
Stages of hypertension (5)
- normal
- elevated
- stage 1
- stage 2
- hypertensive crisis
Stages of hypertension: Normal
Systolic less than 120 and diastolic less than 80
Stages of hypertension: Elevated
Systolic 120–129 and diastolic than 80
Stages of hypertension: Stage 1
Systolic 130–139 or diastolic 80–89
Stages of hypertension: Stage 2
Systolic greater than140 or diastolic greater than 90
Stages of hypertension: Hypertensive crisis
Systolic greater than180 and/or diastolic great than120
Structures of respiratory pump
- Bones
- Inspiration Muscle
- Expiration Muscles
Valsalva maneuver is a process that involves
expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional
intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability
Structures of respiratory passages
- Conducting Airways
- Respiratory Airways
Respiratory Airways
- Alveoli
- Alveolar sacs
_______ the breakdown and utilizatoon of fat for energy
Lipolysis
Glycogen
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle
cells; the storage form of carbohydrate
Growth hormone
An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response
